Bayan bacewar dinosaur daga doron Duniya, wani katon mai farauta ya hau saman sarkar abinci shark megalodon... Abin sani kawai shi ne cewa kadarorinsa ba a doron ƙasa suke ba, amma a cikin Tekun Duniya ne. Jinsin sun wanzu a zamanin Pliocene da Miocene, kodayake wasu masana kimiyya ba za su iya yarda da wannan ba kuma suna ganin zai iya rayuwa har zuwa yau.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Shark Megalodon
Carcharocles megalodon nau'in shark ne da ya ɓace na gidan Otodontidae. Fassara daga Girkanci, sunan dodo yana nufin "babban hakori". Dangane da abubuwan da aka samo, an yi amannar cewa mai farautar ya bayyana shekaru miliyan 28 da suka gabata, kuma ya bace tun kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.6 da suka gabata.
Gaskiyar wasa: Hakoran maharban suna da girma ƙwarai da gaske cewa an daɗe ana ɗauke su da ragowar dodanni ko kuma manyan macizan teku.
A shekarar 1667, masanin kimiyya Niels Stensen ya gabatar da ka'idar cewa ragowar ba komai bane face hakoran katuwar kifin shark. Tsakanin karni na 19 megalodon ta kafa kanta a tsarin kimiyyar da ake kira Carcharodon megalodon saboda kamannin hakora da na babban farin shark.
Bidiyo: Shark Megalodon
A cikin shekarun 1960, masanin halitta dan asalin Belji E. Casier ya sauya masar kifin zuwa jinsin Procarcharodon, amma ba da daɗewa ba mai binciken L. Glickman ya sanya shi a cikin jinsin Megaselachus. Masanin kimiyya ya lura cewa hakoran shark suna da nau'i biyu - tare da ba tare da sanarwa ba. Saboda wannan, jinsin ya koma daga wani jinsin zuwa wani, har sai a shekarar 1987 masanin ilimin kimiyyar halittu na Faransa Capetta ya sanya katon ga halittar ta yanzu.
A baya, an yi imani da cewa masu farauta sun yi kama da kamanni da halin fararen kifayen sharks, amma akwai dalilai da za a yi imani da cewa, saboda girman su da kuma yanayin keɓaɓɓen yanayin muhalli, halayyar megalodons ta sha bamban da masu farautar zamani, kuma a zahiri ya fi kama da katuwar kwafin ƙifin ...
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Babban shark megalodon
Mafi yawan bayanai game da mazaunin karkashin ruwa ana samun su ne daga haƙoran da aka samo. Kamar sauran sharks, kwarangwal ɗin ƙaton ba na kasusuwa bane, amma guringuntsi ne. Dangane da wannan, kaɗan ne kawai suka rage na dodannin ruwa suka rayu har zuwa yanzu.
Hakoran babban kifin shark sune mafi girman dukkan kifaye. A tsawon sun kai santimita 18. Babu wani daga cikin mazaunan da ke karkashin ruwa da zai yi alfahari da irin wannan hauka. Suna kama da kamannin haƙoran babban babban kifin shark, amma sun ninka ƙananan sau uku. Ba a taɓa samun kwarangwal duka ba, wasu kawai daga cikin kashin baya. Mafi shaharar binciken da aka samo shine 1929.
Ragowar da aka samo ya ba da damar yin la'akari da girman kifin gaba ɗaya:
- tsawon - mita 15-18;
- nauyi - tan 30-35, har zuwa aƙalla tan 47.
Dangane da girman da aka kiyasta, megalodon yana cikin jerin mafi yawan mazaunan ruwa kuma ya yi daidai da mosasaurs, deinosuchus, pliosaurs, basilosaurs, genosaurs, kronosaurs, purusaurs da sauran dabbobi, wanda girmansa ya fi kowane mai cin nama rai.
Harsunan dabbar ana daukar su mafi girma a cikin dukkan kifayen da suka taba rayuwa a Duniya. Muƙamuƙin ya kai tsawon mita biyu. Bakin ya kunshi layuka biyar na hakora masu ƙarfi. Adadin su ya kai guda 276. Tsayin da aka karkata zai iya wuce santimita 17.
Kasusuwan baya sun wanzu har zuwa yau saboda yawan narkar da sinadarin calcium, wanda ya taimaka wajen tallafawa nauyin mai farauta yayin aikin muscular. Shahararren ginshiƙan kashin baya da aka samo ya kunshi kashin baya 150 har zuwa santimita 15 a diamita. Kodayake a shekara ta 2006 an sami wani kashin baya mai girman diamita mai tsayi - santimita 26.
A ina ne megalodon shark yake zama?
Hotuna: Tsohuwar kifin shark Megalodon
Ana samun burbushin katunan kifi ko'ina, gami da Mariana Trench, a zurfin sama da kilomita 10. Rarrabawar da ke yaduwa yana nuna kyakkyawan dacewa da mai cutar zuwa kowane yanayi, banda yankuna masu sanyi. Zafin zafin ruwan ya canza kamar 12-27 ° C.
An samo haƙoran Shark da kashin baya a lokuta daban-daban a yankuna da yawa na duniya:
- Turai;
- Kudu da Arewacin Amurka;
- Cuba;
- New Zealand;
- Ostiraliya;
- Puerto Rico;
- Indiya;
- Japan;
- Afirka;
- Jamaica.
Abubuwan bincike a cikin ruwa mai tsafta sanannu ne a Venezuela, wanda ke ba da damar yanke hukunci kan cancantar kasancewa cikin ruwa mai ɗanɗano, kamar bijimin sa. Abubuwan da aka samo mafi tsufa sun samo asali ne tun zamanin Miocene (shekaru miliyan 20 da suka gabata), amma akwai kuma bayanai game da ragowar daga zamanin Oligocene da Eocene (shekaru miliyan 33 da 56 da suka wuce).
Rashin iya kafa wani tsayayyen lokaci ga wanzuwar jinsin ya samo asali ne saboda rashin tabbas din kan iyaka tsakanin megalodon da wanda ake zaton kakanninsa ne Carcharocles chubutensis. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon canjin sannu a hankali cikin alamun hakora yayin tafiyar juyin halitta.
Lokacin ƙarewar ƙattai ya faɗi kan iyakar Pliocene da Pleistocene, wanda ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.5 da suka gabata. Wasu masana kimiyya sun bayyana adadi kamar shekaru miliyan 1.7 da suka wuce. Dogaro da ka'idar yawan ci gaban daskararren laka, masu binciken sun sami shekaru dubbai da daruruwan shekaru da suka gabata, duk da haka, saboda bambancin ci gaban daban-daban ko karshen sa, wannan hanyar ba abin dogaro bane.
Menene kifin megalodon ya ci?
Hotuna: Shark Megalodon
Kafin bayyanar bahar whale, hakimai masu cin nama sun mamaye saman dala dala. Ba su da daidai a wajen neman abinci. Girman girman su, muƙamuƙinsa masu ƙarfi da manyan hakora sun ba su damar farautar manyan ganima, wanda babu wani shark na zamani da zai iya jurewa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masanan Ichthyologists sun yi imanin cewa mai farautar yana da ɗan gajere kuma bai san yadda za a kame ganima da yankinta ba, amma kawai ya fizge daga fata da tsokoki na sama. Tsarin ciyar da katon ba shi da inganci fiye da na, misali, Mosasaurus.
Burbushin halittu tare da alamun cizon shark yana ba da dama don yin hukunci akan abincin katon:
- maniyyi;
- cetotherium;
- kifin whale;
- taguwar ruwa
- walrus dolphins;
- kunkuru;
- kayan abinci;
- sirens;
- yankakke
- yarda da cephates.
Megalodon ana ciyar dashi galibi akan dabbobi masu girman daga mita 2 zuwa 7. Galibi waɗannan ƙirar bahaushe ne, wanda ƙarancin hanzarinsu ya yi ƙasa kuma ba za su iya tsayayya da sharks ba. Duk da wannan, Megalodon har yanzu yana buƙatar dabarun farauta don kama su.
Yawancin ragowar kifayen sun nuna alamun cizon babbar kifin kifin kifin, kuma wasunsu ma suna da manyan haƙoran da suka fito waje. A cikin 2008, ƙungiyar ichthyologists sunyi lissafin ƙarfin cizon mai cin nama. Ya zama cewa ya fi damun wanda aka azabtar da haƙoransa fiye da kowane irin kifi na zamani kuma ya ninka sau 3 fiye da yadda kada yake mai tsefewa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Babban shark megalodon
Ainihin, sharks suna afkawa wanda aka azabtar a wurare masu rauni. Koyaya, Megalodon yana da dabaru daban-daban. Kifin ya fara farautar ganima. Hakazalika, sun karya kashin wanda aka azabtar kuma sun lalata lahani a gabobin ciki. Wanda aka azabtar ya rasa ikon yin motsi kuma maharbin ya ci shi da nutsuwa.
Musamman ma manyan ganima, an cinye kifi daga wutsiyoyi da fikafikan don kada su iya iyo, sannan a kashe su. Saboda raunin juriyarsu da kuma saurin gudu, megalodons din ba sa iya bin ganima na dogon lokaci, sai suka far mata daga kwanton bauna, ba tare da kasadar shiga cikin dogon bin ba.
A zamanin Pliocene, tare da fitowar manyan dabbobi masu kyan gani, manyan jiragen ruwa sun canza dabarunsu. Sun harhaɗa daidai haƙarƙarin don lalata zuciyar wanda aka azabtar da huhun, da kuma ɓangaren sama na kashin baya. Cizon ƙyallen fata da ƙege.
Abinda yafi yaduwa shine mutane da yawa, saboda jinkirin da suke da shi da kuma ƙarancin ƙarfin jiki kamar na dabbobi, sun fi cin mushe kuma ba sa farauta sosai. Lalacewar ragowar da aka samo ba zai iya magana kan dabarun dodo ba, amma na hanyar cire gabobin ciki daga kirjin mataccen kifi.
Zai yi matukar wahala a riƙe ko da ƙaramin kifi whale ta ciji shi a baya ko kirji. Zai zama mafi sauƙi kuma mafi ma'ana a kai hari ga farauta a cikin ciki, kamar yadda masharran zamani ke yi. An tabbatar da hakan ta babban ƙarfin haƙoran balagaggun sharks. Hakoran samari sun kasance kamar haƙoran fararen sharks na yau.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Tsohuwar kifin shark Megalodon
Akwai ka'idar cewa megalodon ya bace a lokacin bayyanar Isthmus na Panama. A wannan lokacin, sauyin yanayi ya canza, raƙuman ruwa masu dumi sun canza kwatance. Anan ne aka sami tarin haƙoran 'ya'yan katuwar. Sharks sun ƙyanƙyashe zuriya a cikin ruwa mara ƙima, kuma yara sun rayu a nan a karon farko na rayuwarsu.
A cikin tarihin duka, ba zai yiwu a sami wuri guda makamancin haka ba, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa babu shi. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin wannan, an sami irin wannan binciken a South Carolina, amma waɗannan haƙoran manya ne. Kamanceceniyar waɗannan abubuwan binciken shine duk wuraren sun kasance sama da matakin teku. Wannan yana nufin cewa kifayen kifayen kogi sun rayu a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani, ko kuma sun tashi a nan don kiwo.
Kafin wannan ganowa, masu binciken sun yi gardamar cewa manyan kuliyoyin ba sa bukatar wata kariya, domin su ne mafi girman jinsin duniya. Abubuwan da aka gano sun tabbatar da hasashen da ake yi cewa samari suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi domin su iya kare kansu, saboda jarirai masu mita biyu da kyau sun iya zama ganimar wani babban kifin.
An ɗauka cewa ɗimbin mazaunan cikin ruwa suna iya haifar da ɗa ɗaya ne a lokaci guda. Theyayan sunada tsawon mita 2-3 kuma sun farma manyan dabbobi kai tsaye bayan haihuwa. Sun fara bin garken shanun shanu suna kama mutum na farko da suka ci karo dashi.
Abokan gaba na sharhin megalodon
Hotuna: Megalodon Giant Shark
Duk da matsayin mafi girman hanyar haɗi a cikin sarkar abinci, mai farautar har yanzu yana da abokan gaba, wasu daga cikinsu sun kasance masu fafatawa da abinci.
Masu bincike suna cikin su:
- dabbobi masu shayarwa masu lalata yara;
- kifin whale;
- hakori baƙi;
- wasu manyan kifaye.
Orca whales da suka samo asali sakamakon juyin halitta ba rarrabewa kawai ta ismarfin ƙwaya mai ƙarfi da haƙori mai ƙarfi ba, har ma da wayewar hankali. Sunyi farauta a cikin fakitoci, wanda ya rage ƙimar rayuwar Megalodon na rayuwa. Whale Killer, a cikin ɗabi'unsu na ɗabi'a, sun auka wa samari rukuni-rukuni kuma sun ci samarin.
Kifi Whale sun fi cin nasara a cikin farauta. Saboda saurin su, sun cinye dukkan manyan kifaye a cikin teku, ba tare da barin abinci ga megalodon ba. Kifayen kifayen da kansu sun tsere daga fangaran dodo da ke karkashin ruwa tare da taimakon ƙarancin fasaha da dabara. Tare, suna iya kashe ma manya.
Dodannin da ke karkashin ruwa sun rayu a cikin wani yanayi mai kyau don nau'in, tunda kusan babu gasar cin abinci, kuma yawancin jinkirin, bahar da bahaushe da ke tasowa suna rayuwa a cikin teku. Lokacin da yanayi ya canza kuma tekuna suka yi sanyi, babban abincinsu ya tafi, wanda shine babban dalilin bacewar jinsin.
Scararancin ganima ya haifar da yunwar katuwar kifi. Suna neman abinci kamar yadda suke so. A lokacin yunwa, al'amuran cin naman mutane sun fi yawaita, kuma yayin rikicin abinci a cikin Pliocene mutane na ƙarshe sun hallaka kansu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Shark Megalodon
Burbushin halittu ya ba da damar yin hukunci game da yalwar nau'in da yadda yake yaɗuwa. Koyaya, abubuwa da yawa sunyi tasiri da farko raguwar yawan jama'a, sannan kuma cikakkiyar ɓatan megalodon. An yi amannar cewa dalilin lalacewar laifin ne na jinsi da kansa, tunda dabbobi ba sa iya dacewa da komai.
Masana burbushin halittu suna da ra'ayoyi mabanbanta game da munanan abubuwan da suka shafi halakar masu farautar. Saboda canjin da aka yi wa igiyar ruwa, igiyoyin ruwa masu dumi sun daina shiga Arctic kuma arewacin arewacin ya zama mai tsananin sanyi ga masharruwar thermophilic. Ungiyoyin ƙarshe sun rayu a Kudancin Hasa har sai da suka ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu masana ilimin kimiyar kimiyyar halittu sun yi amannar cewa jinsin zai iya wanzuwa har zuwa zamaninmu saboda binciken da aka yi, wanda ake ganin shekaru dubu 24 da 11 ne. Da'awar cewa kashi 5% na teku ne kawai aka bincika ya ba su fata cewa mai farauta na iya ɓoyewa a wani wuri. Koyaya, wannan ka'idar bata tsaya ga sukar kimiyya ba.
A watan Nuwamba 2013, wani bidiyo da Jafananci suka dauka ya bayyana a Intanet. Yana kama babban kifin shark, wanda marubutan suka wuce a matsayin sarkin teku. An yi bidiyon a zurfin zurfin a cikin Mariana Trench. Koyaya, ra'ayoyi sun rarrabu kuma masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa bidiyon ƙarya ne.
Wanne ne daga cikin tunanin ɓacewar katuwar ruwan da ke daidai, ba za mu taɓa sani ba. Masu cutar da kansu ba za su iya sake gaya mana game da wannan ba, kuma masana kimiyya suna iya gabatar da ka'idoji ne kawai da yin tunani. Idan da irin wannan mai zafin rai ya rayu har zuwa yau, da tuni an ankara. Koyaya, koyaushe za'a sami kashi na yiwuwar cewa dodo zai rayu daga zurfin.
Ranar bugawa: 07.06.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07.10.2019 a 22:09
