Toucan - tsuntsu neotropical mai haske wanda ke da layu mai ban mamaki da sanannen baki. Tsuntsu yana da ban mamaki ta kowace hanya. Launi mara kyau, babban baki, kafafu masu karfi. Membersananan thean gidan sun kai tsawon cm 30, yayin da manya suka girma zuwa 70 cm.
Na dogon lokaci, ana tunanin toucans masu cin nama ne. Wannan kuskuren ya faru ne sanadiyyar kasancewar notches a bakin baki, kwatankwacin haƙoran manyan ƙadangare masu tashi. Ana kiran Toucans batura na halitta. Suna zaune a wurin na dogon lokaci, cikin sauki za su iya cin abinci da babban baki, wanda ke taimaka musu kiyaye makamashi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Toucan
Iyalan toucan na masu katako ne. Yana da kamanceceniya da halittar ciki. Masana kimiyya sun rarrabe zuriya biyar da fiye da nau'ikan nau'ikan toucans 40. Sun bambanta da girma, nauyi, launin launi da siffar baki. An fara bayyana tsuntsu a karni na 18.
Halin halittar Andigena ko toucans na dutse ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 4.
An samo shi a cikin gandun dajin Andes daga Bolivia zuwa Venezuela:
- A. hypoglauca - Andigena shuɗi;
- A. laminirostris - Flat-billed andigena;
- A. cucullata - Mai-baki Andigena;
- A. nigrirostris - Andigena da aka ba da kuɗi a baki.
Aulacorhynchus yana da nau'ikan 11 daga Mexico, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.
Yana zaune a cikin gandun daji mai zafi da tsaunuka:
- A. wagleri - Wagler ta toucanet;
- A. prasinus - Emerald Toucanet;
- A. caeruleogularis - Tucanet mai launin shuɗi;
- A. albivitta - Andean toucanet;
- A. atrogularis - Bugun baƙin ciki;
- A. sulcatus - Fuskar fuska mai shuɗi;
- A. derbianus - Tukanet Derby;
- A. karama - Tukanet Tepuy;
- A. haematopygus - Rasberi-lumbar toucanet;
- A. huallagae - toucanet mai ruwan rawaya;
- A. coeruleicinctis - toucanet mai biyan kuɗi.
Pteroglossus - nau'ikan 14 na wannan jinsi suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka na Kudancin Amurka:
- P. viridis - Green arasari;
- P. inscriptus - Gano arasari;
- P. bitorquatus - Arasari mai layi biyu;
- P. azara - Arasari mai kumburi;
- P. mariae - Arasari mai biyan kuɗi;
- P. aracari - Arasari mai kumburi;
- P. castanotis - Arasari mai kunnen Brown;
- P. pluricinctus - Arasari mai yawa;
- P. torquatus - Collar arasari;
- P. sanguineus - Taguwar arasari;
- P. erythropygius - Arasari mai haske;
- P. frantzii - Arasari mai cin wuta;
- P. beauharnaesii - Curly Arasari;
- P. belloni - Antigen mai cin zinare.
Ramphastos yana da nau'ikan 8 waɗanda ke rayuwa a Meziko, Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka:
- R. dicolorus - Toucan mai ƙyamar jan jini;
- R. vitellinus - Toucan-ariel;
- R. citreolaemus - Lemon maƙura a toucan
- R. Brevis - Chokos toucan;
- R. sulfuratus - Bakan gizo toucan
- R. Toco - Babban Toucan;
- R. tucanus - Toucan mai farin-nono;
- R. ambiguus - Rawanin-toucan mai rawaya.
Selenidera yana zaune ne a cikin gandun daji masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka, a tsawan da ke ƙasa da mita dubu 1.5 a saman matakin teku.
Wannan jinsin ya hada da nau'i shida:
- S. spectabilis - Mai kunnen kunnen Yellow;
- S. piperivora - Guiana selenidera;
- S. reinwardtii - Fadamar Selenidera;
- S. nattereri - Selinedera Natterera;
- S. gouldii - Selenidera Gould;
- S. maculirostris - Tsarin daban-daban.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Tsuntsaye toucan
Duk nau'ikan toucans 43 suna da manyan bakuna. Wannan bangare na jikin tsuntsayen na jan hankalin masu lura da tsuntsaye na musamman. Dukkanin surori suna ba da kai gareshi, suna bayanin launi, fasali, ƙarfin cizo da tasiri.
Bakin toucans an rufe shi da murfin ƙaho abin dogaro. Launinta wanda ba a saba gani ba ya ba da sunan ga wasu nau'ikan: masu bambancin ra'ayi, masu baƙar fata, masu ba da launin toka da kuma toucans masu ratsi. A zahiri, launukan bakin sun fi yawa - rawaya, lemo, lemu, shuɗi, kore, ja da launin ruwan kasa. Dukkanin su ana haɗe da abubuwan sakawa masu haske kuma suna kama da gilashin tabarau.
Bidiyo: Toucan
Siffa da girman bakun tsuntsun sun cancanci wani kwatancen daban. Akwai siffofin da aka sani guda 8 a cikin duka. Dukkaninsu kamanninsu kamanni ne kuma suna kama da iri mai sunflower mai tsayi tare da ƙarshen lanƙwasa. Bakin bakin an daidaita shi a sarari, wanda ke ba da toucan sarrafa shi a cikin ƙananan ramuka don neman abinci.
Duk da girman girman baki, wanda wani lokacin yakan kai kashi 50% na tsayin jiki, yana da haske sosai. An lanƙwasa nauyin baki daga tsarin ciki na nama. Fuskokin ƙashi suna haɗuwa kamar saƙar zuma don haka haifar da tsayayyen tsari.
Saboda labulen gefuna tare da layin baki wanda yayi kama da haƙoran masu farautar prehistoric, an ɗauka toucans tsuntsaye ne masu cin nama. Shekarun lura ba su tabbatar da ka'idar ba. Toucans ba sa cin nasu. Ko kifi baya cikin abincin su. Wadannan tsuntsayen masu cin 'ya'yan itace ne.
Bakin toucan abun sanyaya ne. Masu hoton zafi sun nuna cewa baki yana fitar da zafi, wanda ke nufin cewa ta wannan sashin jikin ne toucan ke sanyaya jiki. Yanayi da girman baki na iya bambanta dangane da shekarun tsuntsu. A cikin jarirai, ɓangaren ƙananan baki yana da faɗi sosai. Yawancin lokaci, yana daidaitawa kuma yana da lanƙwasa ta halitta.
Toucans suna da dogon harshe. Wannan gabar tana girma zuwa santimita 14. Girmansa saboda girman bakin. Harshen yana da m, wuri mai danshi. Girman manyan tsuntsaye ya kai cm 70, ƙananan sun girma zuwa cm 30. nauyi ba safai yake wuce gram 700 ba. Feetananan ƙafa masu ƙarfi sun haɗa yatsunsu. Na farko da na biyar sun juya baya. Gajere, wuya mai sassauci yana baka damar juya kan ka.
Lilin yana haske, ya bambanta, ya haɗa launuka da yawa lokaci ɗaya. Kusan dukkan jiki an lulluɓe da fuka-fuka masu duhu ko duhu, ban da maƙogwaro, wanda yake fari ne. Ba a daidaita fikafikan don dogon ci gaba da tafiya. Tsawon abin ɗamarar dusar ƙanƙan ya kai cm 22-26. Idanuwan suna kewaye da zoben shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, wanda ke iyaka da fatar lemu. Wutsiyar tana da tsayi, tana iya kaiwa 14-18 cm.
Ina toucan yake zaune?
Hotuna: Toucan a cikin yanayi
Toucans yan asalin Neotropics ne. Ana samun mazauninsu a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi na Kudancin Mexico, Argentina, Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya. A mafi yawancin, toucans nau'ikan gandun daji ne kuma an iyakance su ga gandun daji na farko. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin ƙananan gandun daji na sakandare, amma sun fi son zama a cikin ramuka na manyan tsofaffin bishiyoyi, inda ya dace da kiwo.
Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa galibi a cikin ƙananan yankuna masu zafi. Banda shine nau'in tsaunuka na jinsi Andigena. Sun isa wani yanayi mai yanayi mai tsayi a tsaunukan Andes kuma ana samun su har layin dazukan tsaunuka. Ana samun Andigena a Kudancin Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Central Bolivia, da Venezuela. Mazauninsu yana da dausayi, mai cike da abinci mai gandun daji mai tsayi.
Aulacorhynchus dan asalin Mexico ne. An samo shi a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. An zaɓi gandun daji masu danshi don rayuwa. An samo a cikin waɗansu yankuna kusa da filayen Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan toucans ne na mafi yawan ciyawar kore. Yawanci ana iya ganin su biyu-biyu ko ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, wani lokacin kuma a garken garken nau'ikan gauraye.
Pteroglossus yana zaune a cikin gandun daji masu ƙasa na arewa maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka a Garkuwan Guiana. Ana samun sa a yankin arewa maso gabas na Basin Amazon da kuma gabashin kogin Orinoco da ke Venezuela. Yana zaune a kudancin Costa Rica da yammacin Panama, haka kuma a yankin Amazon na Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia da arewa maso gabashin Argentina.
Selenidera tana zaune a dajin kudu maso gabashin yankin Amazon tare da ƙarancin jama'a a Serra de Baturita da jihar Ceara ta Brazil. Suna zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka a kudu maso gabashin Brazil, a gabashin Paraguay da kuma arewa maso gabashin Argentina.
Toucans ba su da kyau. Ba su da ikon rufe nesa da fikafikan su. yana da wahala musamman ga 'yan toucan su tashi ta ruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, a cewar masana kimiyya, ba su isa West Indies ba. Iyakar toucan da ba ta daji ba ita ce tocoan, wanda aka samo shi a cikin savannah tare da yankuna da gandun daji da buɗaɗɗun gandun daji.
Menene mai toucan yake ci?
Hotuna: Toucan
Tsuntsaye sukan ciyar da kansu su kadai ko kuma bibbiyu, suna ciyarwa galibi akan 'ya'yan itace. Ba a daidaita dogon baki mai kaifi don cizon ganima. Toucans suna jefa abinci sama kuma sun haɗiye shi duka.
Daga cikin shahararrun kayan marmari sune ayaba mai matsakaiciya, pear mai haske mai haske, rawaya carambola, guanal berries. Toucans sun fi son rambatum, ginger mammy, guava da petahaya. An lura fiye da sau ɗaya cewa tsuntsaye sun fi son 'ya'yan itace masu launuka masu haske da' ya'yan itatuwa. Akwai ka'idar cewa irin wannan abincin a bayyane yake kuma yana da sauƙin samu.
Itatuwan Guava suna ba wa ucaucan itace fruitsa fruitsan itace tare da nau'ikan dandano da ƙamshi: strawberries, apples and pears. Tsuntsayen suna son mai dadi, mai 'ya'yan itacen avocado. Abincin ya hada da Barbados ceri, aki, jabotica, 'ya'yan kokan, lacuma, lulu da mammeya na Amurka. Abincin tsuntsaye ya hada da mangosteen, noni, pipino, chirimoya, guanobana da pepino.
Toucans basu damu da cin kwari ba. Zaune suke akan tsofaffin bishiyoyi, suna kamo gizo-gizo, matsakaitan matsakaita, kwari mai cike da furotin. Yana ciyarwa akan tururuwa ta Argentina, ƙwaro mai haɗi, ƙwaro na sukari da kuma butterflies. A cikin menu akwai ƙwayoyin auduga, etsitones, hatsi kozheed da bogs.
Abincin mutanen toucans ya ƙunshi ƙananan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Lizards, amphisbens, masu dogayen kafafu, kwaɗin itace, tegu, da siririn macizai. Toucans suna son yin biki akan ƙwai na sauran tsuntsaye. Wannan yana faruwa musamman sau da yawa yayin lokacin kitse na kajin su. Toucans suna cinye tsaba da furanni. Wannan fasalin abincin yana ba da damar yaduwar tsire-tsire marasa tsire-tsire zuwa sabbin yankuna. Don haka 'yan toucans suna haɓaka flora na kewayon.
Saboda ƙididdigar da ke tattare da duk tsawon bakin, toucans ana ɗaukar su tsuntsaye na ganima. Masana ilimin halitta wadanda sune farkon wadanda suka bayyana tsuntsayen sun dauki tsarin halittar baki da karfi, hakora mai karfi. An yi imani cewa toucans suna kama ganima kuma suna wargaza ta. A zahiri, babu ma kifi a cikin abincin toucan. Tsuntsayen suna cin 'ya'yan itace. Kuma dogon baki da katangar barbe ba sa sauƙin cin abinci, sai dai mawuyata shi. Tsuntsaye dole su ci 'ya'yan itacen sau biyu, saboda kawai ba za su iya haɗiye abincin baki ɗaya ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Toucan Amurka ta Kudu
Toucans tsuntsaye ne masu tsari. Suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i ko suna rayuwa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, galibi tare da dangi. Tare suna kiwon kajin, kariya daga hari, ciyarwa da horar da zuriya.
Suna son sadarwa. Don sadarwa, suna amfani da kaifi, duka babba da ƙananan, amma a lokaci guda sauti masu daɗi. Lokacin da mahaukaci ya kawo musu hari, suna iya haɗuwa kuma su ɗaga dutsen da ba zai iya jurewa ba. Ararrawar da 'yan toucan suka tayar yana haifar da rikici tsakanin sauran mazauna yankin. Ana rarraba sautuna a cikin yankin kuma yana faɗakar da sauran mazaunan yankin harin. A matsayinka na mai mulki, mahautan da ke fuskantar harin sonic sun koma baya. Wannan yana ceton rayukan ba kawai 'yan toucan ba, har ma da sauran mazaunan gandun daji.
Toucans suna son wasa, wargi da barna. Kuna iya lura da yadda tsuntsaye ke yin yaƙe-yaƙe na ban dariya don mallakar reshe. Su, kamar karnuka, suna iya jan itacen da suka fi so. A zahiri, wannan shine yadda tsuntsaye ke nuna sha'awar su da sha'awar su sadarwa.
Toucans tsuntsaye ne masu ma'amala. Sauƙi yin hulɗa da mutum. Mai son sani, mai dogaro, mai kyautatawa mutane. Waɗannan halayen suna da kyau don lalata. Mutane sun lura da waɗannan abubuwan kuma sun yi amfani da su. Akwai gaba ɗayan makarantun nursery waɗanda ke sake haifar da toucans don siyarwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Toucan Red Book
Toucans na zamantakewa ne. Suna zaune cikin tsayayyun nau'i-nau'i tsawon shekaru. Kungiyoyin dangi kusan mutum 20 ko sama da haka aka kafa su. An kafa rukuni yayin lokacin saduwa, sannan kuma su rarrabu zuwa dangi don yin kwai da kwai, haka kuma don ciyar da zuriya. Hakanan ƙungiyoyi suna haɓaka yayin ƙaura ko lokacin girbi lokacin da manyan bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya zasu iya ciyar da iyalai da yawa.
Tsuntsaye suna rayuwa a cikin halitta tsawon shekaru 20 ko fiye. Tare da kulawa mai kyau kuma mai kyau a cikin bauta, suna rayuwa har zuwa 50. Mata na toucan suna yin matsakaicin ƙwai 4 a lokaci guda. Mafi ƙarancin kama - ƙwai 2, sanannen sananne - 6. Tsuntsaye gida a cikin bishiyar bishiya. Sun zaɓi ɗakuna masu daɗi da zurfi don wannan.
Toucans suna auren mata daya kuma sau ɗaya a shekara a bazara. A lokacin zawarci, namiji yakan tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa ya kawo wa abokin zama abinci. Bayan nasarar al'ada ta neman aure, tsuntsun ya shiga cikin dangantaka. Toucans suna ba da kwan su na kwanaki 16-20 daga uba da uwa. Iyaye daban-daban suna shirya ƙwai yayin cikin rami. Abokin aiki kyauta yana kan aikin tsaro da tara abinci. Bayan kajin sun bayyana, iyayen biyu sun ci gaba da kula da jariran.
Kaji suna kyankyashe tsirara, tare da fata mai haske da rufaffiyar idanu. Kwata-kwata ba shi da ƙarfi har zuwa makonni 6-8 na haihuwa. Bayan wannan lokacin, fara farawa. Matasan ucan toucans suna da laushi mara laushi da ƙaramin baki wanda ke girma yayin da kajin yake girma. Shekarun jima'i da balagar haihuwa a cikin mata da maza shekaru 3-4 ne.
Wasu addinai a Latin Amurka sun hana iyayen wani jariri sabon haihuwa cin naman toucan. An yi amannar cewa cin naman kaji da iyayen wata sabuwar haihuwa na iya haifar da mutuwar yaron. Toucan dabba ce mai tsarki ta yawancin kabilun Kudancin Amurka. Ana iya ganin hotonsa a kan gwanayen duwatsu kamar yadda fasalin jirgin sama yake zuwa duniyar ruhu.
Abokan gaba na 'yan toucans
Hotuna: Bird Toucan
Abokan gaba na 'yan toucans suna zaune, kamar tsuntsayen kansu, a cikin bishiyoyi. Toucans da yawa masu farauta suke farautar su a dajin Kudancin Amurka, gami da mutane, manyan tsuntsayen ganima, da kuliyoyin daji.
Weasels, macizai da beraye, kuliyoyin daji suna farautar ƙwai toucan fiye da toucan kanta. Wasu lokuta 'yan toucans ko kama su suna zama ganimar coati, harpy da anacondas. Toucan ya kasance caca a wasu yankuna na Amurka ta Tsakiya da wasu sassan Amazon. Nama mai dadi, mai taushi nama ne mai ɗanɗano. Ana amfani da kyawawan gashin fuka-fuka da baki don yin abubuwan tunawa da kayan haɗi.
'Yan kasuwa sun lalata gurbi a cikin kayan mutane. Live toucans suna cikin buƙatu mai yawa. Tsuntsu yana sayarwa sosai kamar dabbar gida. Babban barazanar da yan tsubbu ke fuskanta a wannan zamanin shine asarar muhalli. An share dazuzzuka don 'yantar da ƙasa don ƙasar noma da gina masana'antu.
A cikin Peru, masu noman coca kusan sun kori toucan mai launin rawaya daga mazaunin ta. Sakamakon fataucin miyagun kwayoyi, wannan nau'in toucan yana fuskantar barazanar bacewa saboda asarar mazauninsa na dindindin.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Bakin Toucan
Masana kimiyya har yanzu basu iya lissafin yawan toucans ba. An san cewa suna zaune a yanki na murabba'in mita miliyan 9.6. km Daga cikin kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan toucans hamsin da ilimin kimiyya ya sani, yawancinsu suna cikin matsayin mafi ƙarancin haɗari ga yawan jama'a (LC a cikin karɓaɓɓiyar rarrabuwa ta duniya). Koyaya, wannan bai kamata yaudara ba. Adadin 'yan toucans yana raguwa a hankali, kuma matsayin LC yana nufin kawai raguwar cikin shekaru 10 ko ƙarni uku bai kai kashi 30 cikin ɗari ba.
A lokaci guda, wasu nau'ikan toucans suna cikin haɗari na gaske saboda sare bishiyoyi ga ƙasar noma da gonakin coca. Don haka, nau'ikan nau'ikan 'yan asalin kasar - masu launin shuɗi da kuma fuska da fuska - suna cikin mawuyacin hali (Matsayin NT). Jama'ar yankin da manyan kamfanoni sun sare dazuzzuka masu dausayi na tsaunin Andes, sakamakon 'yan koren sun rasa gidajensu kuma sun mutu.
Toucan mai ƙwanƙwasa-ƙugu na Mexico da antigen mai zinare suna da matsayi iri ɗaya. Masana kimiyya ba sa keɓewar irin waɗannan nau'in a nan gaba kuma sun yi imanin cewa suna buƙatar sa ido da matakan kariya koyaushe. Dan kasar toucan mai kunshi-mai-wuya, toucan mai farin-ciki, yana cikin hadari kadan - matsayinta a cikin rabe-raben kasashen duniya an sanya shi a matsayin "mai rauni" (VU). A ka’ida, dabbobi sun fada cikin wannan nau’in, wanda yawansu bai riga ya ragu sosai ba, amma ‘yan adam na lalata mazauninsu.
Akwai nau'ikan toucans guda uku a yankin mafi haɗari - toucanet mai launin rawaya, arasari mai haɗuwa da ariel toucan. Dukansu suna da matsayin EN - "cikin haɗari" Wadannan tsuntsayen suna dab da karewa kuma kiyaye su a cikin daji tuni ana tambaya.
Kariyar Toucan
Hotuna: Toucan daga littafin Red
Bayan shekaru da yawa na fitowar fitattun kayan toucan, ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka sun hana cinikin ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin tsuntsayen da aka kama. Gwamnatoci sun dau matakai da yawa don kiyaye dabbobi da muhalli don 'yan fata. Waɗannan ayyukan, haɗe da haramcin farauta, sun taimaka wajen dawo da yawan tsuntsayen.
Zuba jari a cikin bunkasa yawon bude ido da kuma kula da yankuna na asali don rayuwa da kuma hayayyafar toucans sun saukaka halin da wasu jinsunan ke dab da karewa. Koyaya, haramcin farauta, kamawa da siyar da tsuntsayen daji a wasu ƙasashe na Kudancin Amurka sun canza kasuwancin fataucin kai zuwa ƙasashen waje, zuwa yankin wasu jihohin. Baya ga matakan dawo da mazaunin tsuntsayen da ba safai ba, ana ƙirƙirar gonaki don hayayyafa na musamman. A cikin yanayin kusa da na halitta, toucans suna hayayyafa da kyau. 'Ya'yan da aka samo a cikin bauta an sake su zuwa yankin yankin.
Masu rajin kare hakkin dabbobi na daukar matakai da dama don ceton tsuntsayen da aka kama, marasa lafiya da nakasassu. A Brasil, sanannen abu ne lokacin da wata nakasasshiyar mata toucan ta yi nasarar dawo da bakin ta. An yi amfani da na'urar roba ta hanyar amfani da na'urar buga takardu ta 3D daga kayan antibacterial mai dorewa. Mutane sun dawo da ikon ciyarwa da kula da kajin da kansu.
Toucan - daya daga cikin fitattun wakilan duniyar tsuntsaye. An bambanta shi ba kawai ta haske mai haske da bayyanar baƙon abu ba, har ma da babban ƙungiyarsa yayin rayuwa cikin daji. A cikin fursuna, toucan yana da sauƙi a huɗa saboda son sani na ɗabi'a, gullibility da kuma babban hankali. Abin baƙin cikin shine, mutanen da ke zaune a cikin wuraren toucans sun hallaka su saboda haske mai haske da nama mai daɗi. A sakamakon haka, yawancin nau'ikan toucans an lasafta su azaman nau'ikan rauni kuma suna iya ɓacewa daga fuskar duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 05.05.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 20.09.2019 a 17:24
