Dabba kamar yi (lat. Dama) na dangin barewa ne. Saboda haka, babu wani abin mamaki a cikin gaskiyar cewa wani lokacin za ku iya samun bayanai game da shi ba kawai game da Baƙin Bature ba, har ma game da barewar Turai. Dole ne a tuna cewa wannan dabba ɗaya ce. Kuma an ƙara kalmar "Bature" saboda gaskiyar cewa galibi ana samun dawakin fallo a yau a ɓangaren Turai na nahiyar. Kodayake wannan dabbar tana rayuwa ne a Asiya orarama.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lan
Da farko dai, mazaunin dabbar fallow, kamar yadda masana kimiyya ke faɗi, an iyakance shi ne kawai ga Asiya. Amma bayan lokaci, kuma ba tare da kasancewar ɗan adam ba, wannan artiodactyl ya fara bayyana a wasu yankuna. A cewar wasu kafofin, wannan nau'in ya fara yaduwa daga Bahar Rum. Daga nan ne ya shiga Turai ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Turai.
Bidiyo: Doe
Amma kwanan nan, masana kimiyya da yawa ba su yarda da wannan ba, saboda a cikin Pleistocene, inda Jamus take a yau, akwai ƙura, wanda kusan ba shi da bambanci da nau'in zamani. Kuma wannan yana nuna cewa da farko mazaunin wannan dabba ya fi fadi.
Wani lokaci yana rikicewa da kowane nau'in jan barewa, Caucasian ko Crimean. Amma wannan ba daidai bane, tunda fallow din wani nau'ine daban na dangin barewa.
Akwai sifofi daban-daban guda biyu na wannan dabba wadanda suke kai tsaye:
- ƙahoni masu faɗi, musamman idan ya zo ga manyan maza;
- launi mai launi, wanda ya fi bayyana a lokacin dumi.
Asalin jinsin Dama Frisch har yanzu masana kimiyya ba su yi cikakken bayani game da su ba. Amma ya zuwa yanzu ra'ayi da ya fi rinjaye shi ne cewa wannan ɗayan rassa ne na kwayar halittar Pliocene, wanda aka sanya wa suna Eucladocerus Falc. Menene halaye na barewa, ta yaya wannan dabba ta fita dabam tsakanin dangin barewar duka?
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabba dabba
Idan muka yi la'akari da bayyanar da girman barewar, za mu iya cewa mai zuwa: wannan artiodactyl ya fi sauran danginsa girma, barewar barewa. Kuma idan kun kwatanta shi da jan barewa, to ba zai zama ƙarami kawai ba, har ma da wuta.
Kuna iya nunawa zuwa manyan halaye masu zuwa:
- tsayin jeri daga 135 zuwa 175 cm;
- akwai karamin wutsiya, a tsakanin 20 cm;
- girma a bushe na iya kaiwa 90-105 cm;
- nauyin maza daga 70 zuwa 110 kg;
- nauyin mata daga 50 zuwa 70 kg;
- yawan rai ba yakan wuce shekaru 25.
Amma idan muna magana ne game da doe ta Iran, to wannan dabbar ta kai tsayin 200 cm, kuma a wasu lokuta ma sun fi haka.
Idan aka kwatanta da jan barewa, an rarrabe dawarwar fallow ta jikin muscular. Amma kafafunta sun fi gunta, amma kuma wuyanta. Erasar barewar Turai ta bambanta da dangin Mesobotamiya a cikin ƙahonninta, tunda har ma za su iya ɗaukar sifa mai kama da spatula, wanda aka yi wa ado tare da tudu a gefen gefuna. Amma duk wannan ya shafi maza ne kawai, tun da mata suna da ƙaramin ƙaho kuma ba sa faɗaɗawa. Ta wurinsu ne za ku iya tantance shekarun dabbar, tun da ta girme ta, yawancin wannan "ado" ɗin sama da kai.
Idan bazara ta zo, tsoffin maza sukan fara yin kahonsu. Wannan yakan faru ne a watan Afrilu. Nan da nan bayan haka, ƙananan ƙaho suna bayyana a wuri ɗaya, waɗanda ke samun ƙaruwa a kan lokaci. A lokacin hunturu, waɗannan dabbobin suna buƙatar ƙaho, saboda tare da taimakonsu zaku iya yaƙi da masu cin abincin. Amma a watan Agusta sun fara shafa ruban tururuwarsu a jikin kututturen bishiya. Ta yin wannan, sun cimma buri biyu: fatar da ke mutuwa tana baje, kuma haɓakar ƙaho kuma an kara ta. A farkon Satumba, sun riga sun kai girman da suka saba.
Af, a cikin maza, suna fara girma tun suna da watanni 6 da haihuwa. Kuma sun riga sun zubar dasu a shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Kuma wannan yana faruwa kowace shekara.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da launi na barewar fallow, saboda yana canzawa a cikin shekara. A lokacin bazara, ɓangaren dabba na sama ya zama ja-ja-jaja, kuma lallai an yi masa ado da farin ɗigo. Amma duka ɓangaren ƙananan da ƙafafu suna da haske, kusan fari. A lokacin hunturu, kai da wuya suna da launin ruwan kasa masu duhu.
A wasu yanayi, bangaren sama na jiki shima yana da launi iri daya. Amma galibi a lokacin hunturu kuma zaka iya ganin baƙar fata. Kuma dukkan kasan yana juya ash toka. Gaskiya ne, wani lokacin akan sami wasu keɓaɓɓu a cikin farar farin yatsa. Wannan shine ɗayan bambance-bambance daga jan barewa, wanda baya canza launi.
A ina kuriyar ke zama?
Hotuna: Fallow deer a cikin gandun daji
Wurin da ake yi da doki ya canza tsawon lokaci. Idan da farko ana iya samun sa a yankin ba na Tsakiya kawai ba, har ma da Kudancin Turai, a yau abubuwa da yawa sun canza. 'Yan Adam suna zaune waɗannan yankuna, don haka ana kawo waɗannan dabbobi anan ne kawai da tilas. Don haka ya zama cewa irin wadannan yankuna na Bahar Rum kamar Turkiya, Girka da kudancin Faransa sun daina zama gidan barewa.
Amma duk wannan ɗayan ne daga cikin dalilan da yasa galibi ake samun dusar dawa a yau kawai a Minananan Asiya. Canjin yanayi ma ya ba da gudummawa ga wannan. An shigo da dokin Fallow zuwa duka Spain da Italiya da Burtaniya. Hakanan ba kawai ga Kudancin Amurka ba, har ma ga Arewacin Amurka. Ana samun garken namun daji na waɗannan dabbobin har ma a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. Idan muka yi la'akari da ranar da muke ciki kawai, to ya kamata a lura cewa, idan aka kwatanta da XIII-XVI, wannan dabbar ta ɓace daga yankuna da yawa: Latvia, Lithuania, Poland. Ba za ku sami wannan dabba ba a Arewacin Afirka, ko a Girka, ko ma a Sardinia.
Akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin barewar Turai da Iran ba kawai a zahiri ba, har ma da yawan dabbobi. Nau'in farko a yau an kiyasta kai 200,000. A cewar wasu kafofin, wannan adadi ya dan fi haka, amma har yanzu bai wuce kawunan 250,000 ba. Amma halin da ake ciki tare da barewar Iran ta fi muni, wannan nau'in yana da headsan shugabanni kaɗan
Menene yunwa take ci?
Photo: Mace fallowar barewa
Barewa ta fi son zama a yankin daji, amma kawai don a sami wurare a buɗe a cikin manyan ciyawa. Wannan dabba tana buƙatar shrubs, thickets, babban ciyawa. Ya kasance daga nau'in kayan lambu mai ɗumbin yawa, sabili da haka, yana amfani da takamaiman abincin tsire-tsire azaman abinci. Wannan ya hada da ciyawa ba kawai, har ma da ganyaye da rassan bishiyoyi, har ma da haushi. Amma ana tauna haushin barewar barewa ne kawai a matsayin mafaka ta ƙarshe, lokacin da lokacin sanyi ba shi yiwuwa a kai ga sauran tsire-tsire.
A lokacin bazara, barewa tana amfani da dusar ƙanƙara, corydalis, da anemone a matsayin abinci. Dabbar ma tana son ƙarancin samari na itacen oak da maple. Ta na iya wani lokacin ta fadada abincin ta tare da harbe-harben abarba. Amma a lokacin rani, damar samfuran abinci suna faɗaɗa sosai, kuma barewa na iya yin amfani da namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itacen berry da itacen oak kamar abinci. Hakanan, ba wai hatsi kawai ba, har ma ana amfani da ƙumfa.
Baya ga abinci, wannan dabba shima yana buƙatar wadataccen kayan ma'adinai. Saboda wannan dalili, garken dabbobin ɓaure na iya yin ƙaura don nemo ƙasashe masu wadatar gishiri.
Sau da yawa ba zai iya yin ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba, tunda waɗannan dabbobin suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar lasisin gishiri na roba. Kuma idan dusar ƙanƙara da yawa ta faɗi a yankin da aka ba, dole ne a shirya ciyawa. Don ciyarwa, mafarauta sukan yi feeders da hatsi. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa an kafa makiyaya, waɗanda aka shuka ta musamman tare da ciyawa iri-iri masu ɗumbin yawa a cikin hanyar kabewa da lupine. Duk ana yin hakan ne don kada dila mai yin fallow ya yi ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna.
Halaye da halaye
Photo: Dajin daji na fallow
Salon rayuwar barewa yana canzawa tare da yanayi. A lokacin rani, dabbobi na iya raba. Amma wani lokacin sukan rasa cikin kananan kungiyoyi. Wannan gaskiyane yayin da babu matsaloli game da abinci. Yaran shekara daya koyaushe suna kusa da mahaifiyarsu, suna ƙoƙari kada su bar ko'ina. Dabbobi suna yin aiki sosai safe da yamma, lokacin da yanayi bai yi zafi sosai ba. Sannan yawanci suna kiwo, zuwa lokaci zuwa rami mai ruwa.
Halin halin barewar Turai ta ɗan bambanta da jan barewa. Bakin barewa ba shi da kunya, kuma ba shi da banbanci da hankali. Amma ta hanzari da sassauci, wannan dabba ba ta kasa da barewa. A cikin zafin rana, waɗannan artiodactyls suna ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa a wani wuri a cikin inuwa. Galibi suna kwanciya da gadajensu a cikin daji da ke kusa da ruwa. Musamman ma inda babu yawan sauro mai ban haushi. Hakanan zasu iya ciyarwa da dare.
Maza sun fi so su keɓe daban don mafi yawan shekara, kuma su shiga garken garken kawai a lokacin kaka. Sannan namiji ya zama shugaban garken. Wani rukuni na barewa ya ƙunshi mata da yawa tare da ƙuruciya. Wadannan dabbobin ba sa yin ƙaura mai tsanani, suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye yanki ɗaya ne kawai. Yawancin lokaci da sauri yakan saba da kasancewar mutum. An bambanta su da sha'awar su, sabili da haka, kusan suna samun abinci wanda aka tanada don hunturu.
Suna iya shiga cikin yardar kaina koda da alfarwa. Amma don cikakkiyar gida, wannan dabbar sam sam bata dace ba, ba zata iya jure wa bauta ba. Daga cikin dukkan gabobin, ji ne mafi kyawu, saboda shi ne zai yiwu a ji wani motsi daga nesa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kubiyowar barewa
Tunda maza da mata sun bambanta a mafi yawan shekara, saduwa tsakanin su tana farawa ne daga kaka. Wannan yakan faru ne a watan Satumba ko a farkon shekaru goma na Oktoba. Wannan lokacin a cikin rayuwar dawakin falle ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa, sabili da haka, yakamata a nuna manyan mahimman bayanai.
- balagaggun yara yan shekaru 5 sun kori korarrun samari daga cikin garken doki domin samar da "harem":
- maza, masu ɗokin haihuwa, suna da farin ciki cewa da yamma da safe suna fara yin sautuka, suna buga ƙasa da kofato;
- tsakanin mazan da ke cike da farin ciki akwai irin wannan gasa mai zafi ga mata ta yadda ba za su iya rasa kahonsu kawai ba, amma kuma su karya wuya;
- bayan haka, wani abin birgewa ya fara - bikin aure na barewa, lokacin da kowane ɗa namiji ke kewaye da aƙalla mata da yawa.
Gasar wasanni na iya zama mai tsananin tashin hankali, saboda babu wanda yake son ya yarda. Kuma yakan faru cewa duka abokan adawar sun mutu a cikin yaƙin. Suna faɗuwa ƙasa, suna manne da ƙahoni.
Idan muna magana ne game da wuraren shakatawa, to ya kamata a sami maza 7 ko 8 na mata 60, babu ƙari. Bayan saduwa, bayan sun buga “bikin aure”, mazan suna barin kuma suna kokarin nisanta kansu. Zasu iya haɗuwa ne kawai idan lokacin sanyi ya zama mai tsananin ƙarfi. Lokacin gasa da "bukukuwan aure" har yanzu yana da dogon lokaci - har zuwa watanni 2.5. Mai ciki fallow barewa tana kiyaye garken. Amma tuni kafin su fara haihuwa, sun barshi, sun kuma rabu.
Ciki yakai wata 8. Kuma kawai a lokacin rani, lokacin da maraƙi ɗaya ko biyu suka bayyana, mace ta dawo cikin garken tare da su. Theayan yana cin madara kusan watanni 5-6, kodayake tuni tun daga makonni 4 da haihuwa yana fara hango ciyawar da kansa.
Abokan gaba na barewar barewa
Photo: Fallow barewa da kumbiya
Ya kamata a tuna da cewa dokin dawakai faɗakarwa ce ta artiodactyl, saboda haka, mahara daban-daban na iya zama barazana ga rayuwarta. Amma duk da haka, kada mu manta cewa wannan nau'in naman barewa ba ya ƙaura, idan ya bar yankin kewayonsa, ba safai ake samun sa ba. Saboda haka, yawanci muna magana ne game da makiya ɗaya.
Za a iya lura da haɗari da yawa waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin abokan gaba na halitta:
- zurfin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda barewa ba za ta iya motsawa ba saboda gajerun ƙafafu;
- motsi tare da wannan hanyar, wanda ke ba da damar saita kwanto;
- rashin gani sosai, sabili da haka, mai farauta, yana jira, yana iya kawo hari daga kwanto;
- nau'ikan dabbobin farauta masu farautar barewa.
Daga cikin masu farauta, kerkeci, lynxes, boars na daji, da bears masu ruwan kasa ana ɗaukar su mafi haɗari ga wannan nau'in barewar.
Yi iyo sosai a cikin ruwa, amma har yanzu yi ƙoƙari kada ku je wurin. Kuma idan mai farauta ya kawo hari kusa da wani tafki, suna ƙoƙari su gudu ta ƙasa. Kodayake ya fi sauƙi a tsere cikin ruwa.
Amma kar ka manta game da samari, waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar ba kawai daga waɗannan mafarautan ba. An akuya, musamman waɗanda ba su daɗe da bayyana ba, za a iya kai musu hari ba kawai ta dawakai ba, har ma da hankaka. Maza na iya yin tsayayya da masu cin nama da ƙahonin su. Amma yara da mata ba su da kariya. Hanyar hanyar tserewa ita ce gudu. Bugu da ƙari, za su iya tsallake kan ma matsalolin mita biyu. Daga cikin makiya, mutum kuma zai iya sanya sunan mutumin da ya saba da farautar wannan dabbar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lan
Godiya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen ɗan adam, kusan babu wata barazanar halakawa ga barewar Turai a yau. An halicci yanayi mai kyau don waɗannan dabbobi. Akwai gonakin farauta da yawa inda dabbar dabbar zata iya rayuwa ta gida-gida. Har ila yau, garkunan garken daji na kowa, waɗanda ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka da kuma manyan wuraren shakatawa. A cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa, babu wata barazana a gare su, gami da daga masu farautar daji. Akwai kyawawan yanayi ga irin waɗannan dabbobi.
Don adana ballast na muhalli, a wasu yankuna inda yawan biran dawa suka fara wuce ka'ida, an ba shi izinin harba su. Amma kuma yana faruwa cewa ƙarin dabbobi ana sauya su kawai zuwa wasu yankuna.
Wasu kasashe na kokarin kara yawan karnukan dawa na Turai. Wannan gaskiya ne ga Faransa, inda a da akwai waɗannan dabbobin da yawa. Babbar matsalar ita ce cewa wannan nau'in ba shi yiwuwa ya ƙetare tare da wasu nau'in dangin barewa. Sau da yawa masana kimiyya sunyi ƙoƙari su magance matsalar haɗuwa, amma sun kasa. Amma kuma akwai kyakkyawar gefen wannan, saboda an kiyaye takamaiman fasalin.
A kowane lokaci, ana ɗaukar damisar daya daga cikin manyan nau'in dabbobi da ake farauta. Amma yanzu suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka shi a cikin yankuna na musamman gonaki. Misali, a Poland akwai manyan gonaki da yawa inda ake kirar barewar nama da fata. Tun daga 2002, ya kasance ɗayan dabbobin da ke kan gaba a tsakanin dabbobin gona da suka fi yaduwa a wannan ƙasar.
Mai gadin
Hotuna: Doe Red Book
A barewa na iya sajewa da yanayin rayuwa daban-daban. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa kiwo. Misali, ana samun sa har a tsibirin Norderney, wanda yake a Tekun Arewa. Tare da nau'ikan Bature, komai ya fi sauki, tunda akwai dabbobi da yawa anan. Aƙalla a yanzu babu tambaya game da tsananin kariya ga wannan nau'in. Amma Iraniyar fallow deer tana cikin Littafin Ja. Amma nan ba da jimawa ba wannan na iya shafar jama'ar Turkawa.
A tsakiyar karni na 20, yawan karnukan dolo na Iran ya ragu zuwa mutane 50. Babban haɗari ga wannan nau'in shine farauta. Tsawon ƙarni da yawa a Gabas, ana farautar farauta, kuma ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin abin da aka fi so ba kawai masu sarauta ba. Godiya ga shirin kariya, tunda wadannan dabbobin sun shiga karkashin kariyar kasa da kasa, yanzu adadin barewar Iran ya karu zuwa kawuna 360. Gaskiya ne, ana samun takamaiman lambobi a cikin gidan namun daji daban-daban. Amma a cikin kamuwa da wannan nau'ikan barewar ta fallow ba ta haihu ba.
Kodayake ana ba da izinin harbi Baƙin Turai a wasu lokuta kawai, bai kamata a manta da farauta ba. Bayan duk wannan, garken dabbobi da yawa suna cikin yanayin rabin daji. Kuma galibi waɗannan dabbobin ana kashe su ba kawai don fata ko nama ba, amma don kawai a cire ƙahonin, waɗanda suka zama batun ado na ciki. Amma da yawa ya canza kwanan nan. Kuma ko da yake Ba'amurke ne kawai aka sanya a cikin Littafin Ja yiNau'in Turai kuma ana kiyaye shi ta dokokin ƙasa.
Ranar bugawa: 21.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 22:16
