Mai ban mamaki da kyau ocelot yayi kyau sosai royale. Wannan mamakin mai farauta yana kama da damisa wacce ta ragu sosai. Ba abin mamaki bane, mutane da yawa suna son ocelot, saboda kamanninta yana birgewa kuma yana birgewa, don haka mutane sun sami ikon kula da wannan kitsen, suna mai da shi gidan dabbobi. Ba a san kaɗan game da maɗaukakiyar halittar teku da ke rayuwa a cikin daji, bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimci halayensa, halaye da kuma rayuwarsa dalla-dalla.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Ocelot
Ocelot din ba babban danniya bane wanda yake dangin dangi. Sunanta, wanda aka fassara daga Latin, yana nufin "katar damisa". Bayyanar waɗannan dabbobi ta hanyoyi da yawa iri ɗaya ne, mafi mahimmancin bambanci tsakanin bayyanar su shine girman. Akwai wani sigar na fassarar sunan "ocelot", ya fito ne daga yaren mutanen Aztec Indians kuma yana nufin "damisa ta gona", kodayake wannan mai farautar yana kaucewa zama a sararin samaniya.
Ba da dadewa ba, masana kimiyya suka yi amannar cewa ganyayyaki sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 25 da suka gabata, amma, a farkon karni na ashirin da ɗaya, an sake gabatar da wani fasalin ta hanyar asalin asalin. Yanzu masana sun ce kuliyoyi sun bayyana a yankin Asiya kimanin shekaru miliyan goma sha ɗaya da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Ocelot
Na farko shi ne bayyanar manyan kuliyoyi (daga yanayin halittar panthers), sannan kuma - ƙananan, waɗanda alaƙar ocelot da su. Gabaɗaya, akwai ƙananan raƙuman ruwa da yawa tsakanin masanan ruwa, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna, da farko, ta wurin tura su dindindin, kuma a zahiri kusan iri ɗaya ne.
Don bayani a taƙaice, za mu iya kiran sa wani abu tsakanin damisa da kyanwa. Idan aka kwatanta da kuliyoyi na kowa, yana da girma ƙwarai. Balagaggen namiji ya kai tsawon fiye da mita (cm 130), kuma mace - kimanin santimita 80. Wutsiyar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai girman gaske daga 30 zuwa 40 cm a tsayi. Nauyin maza kusan kilo 15 ne, kuma mata 10 ne.
Wannan dabba ce mai cikakken iko, misali, fadin kafada na babban balagaggu ya kai rabin mita. Za a iya kwatanta girman ocelot da babban kare, kamar makiyayin Bajamushe. Don haka, wannan cat ɗin yana da ban sha'awa a girman.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabbobin ruwa
Jikin ocelot yana da kyau, amma mai ƙarfi ne kuma mai ƙarfi. Etafafun kafa suna da ƙarfi kuma suna zagaye, kuma ƙafafun kansu suna da ƙarfi da tsawo. A kan dogon wuya akwai mai kyau, dan madaidaiciyar kai, wanda a kansa ke bayyane zagaye kunnuwa a sarari. Idanun mai farautar suna da ma'ana sosai, suna da zurfin ciki kaɗan. Suna da launi na amber kuma suna fitowa a fuska tare da zane mai haske mai haske. Tiparshen hancin waɗannan kuliyoyin ruwan hoda ne.
Launi na gashin ocelot gabaɗaya aikin fasaha ne. Zai yiwu, daga dukkan kuliyoyi, shi ne mafi kyau da rikitarwa. Sautin babban jiki launin shuɗi ne, ciki da ɓangaren ciki na wuya koyaushe suna da launi. Haske mai haske (rosettes) a duk cikin jikin yana haifar da tsari mai ban sha'awa.
Tsarin kwanon tabo yana da duhu (kusan baƙi), kuma a ciki suna da inuwa mai haske, wanda ya fi duhun jikin mutum duhu, saboda haka ya fita waje da kyau. Raɗaɗɗen duhu masu haske biyu suna tashi daga idanun da aka zayyana, wuya da kumatu na ocelot suma suna da layi mai kyau. Ana bayyane baƙin tabo a ko'ina a ƙafafu. An lalata wutsiyar mai farautar tare da bakin baki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: kunnuwan ocelot suna da baki a sama tare da farin ɗamarar fari a tsakiya, kuma fari a ciki. Daga nesa, wadannan tabo a kunnuwa na iya kuskure wa idanu, don haka ra'ayoyin masana kimiyya kan wannan fasalin ya kasu biyu. Wadansu sun yi amannar cewa tana taimaka wa kananan 'yan kyanwa su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da mahaifiyarsu, suna ganinta a gabansa. Wasu kuma suna jayayya cewa maƙarƙashiya suna amfani da wannan launi launi na kunne azaman wayo, wawa da yaudarar sauran mafarauta.
Halin da ke fuska da jiki na iya bambanta kaɗan a cikin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa na ocelot; a cikin wasu kuliyoyi, gaba da baya na jiki suna da launin toka-toka. Ba tare da la'akari da wannan ba, irin wannan kyakkyawan launi na waɗannan ƙa'idodin masu ban mamaki kawai ana yin sihiri ne tare da kayan alatu da kwarjini, masu ɗaukar hankali da sihiri mai banƙyama da tsabta.
A ina ne tekun take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Ocelot cat
Ocelot ɗan asalin ƙasar mazaunin Amurka ne, duka Kudu da Tsakiya.
Ana iya samun sa a cikin yankuna:
- Brazil;
- Ajantina;
- Bolivia;
- Ecuador;
- Meziko;
- Amurka;
- Peru;
- Venezuela;
- Paraguay;
- Kolombiya.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun lura cewa iyakar arewa daga kewayon ocelot ta ratsa yankin jihar Texas ta Amurka. Ko da a baya-bayan nan, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun kasance suna zaune a cikin jihohin Amurka kamar Arkansas, Louisiana, Arizona, to yawan waɗannan kuliyoyin sun fi yawa. Yanzu wasu samfurin suna tsallaka kan iyakar Mexico kuma suna bayyana a Arizona, amma waɗannan mawuyacin yanayi ne.
Wadannan kyawawan dabbobi masu zafin nama sun zabi yankin da ke kusa da Kogin Amazon, wanda ke cike da dajin da ba za a iya wucewa ba, inda kuliyoyi ke samun natsuwa. Ocelot na iya zama a cikin ciyawar wurare masu zafi, da gandun daji na mangrove da fadama. Dabbar ta fi son ciyawar ciyawa kuma ta zaɓi wuraren da ke da yawa.
Hakanan an hango ruwan teku a tsawan tsauni (kimanin kilomita 4) a cikin tsaunin Andes, kodayake yawanci basa hawa sama da kilomita 1.5. Abu ne mai wuya mutum gama gari ya ga bakin ruwa a cikin jeji, saboda ya sami irin wannan kaurin da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba don mazaunin sa na dindindin inda mutum ba zai iya wucewa ba. Kari akan haka, ya kware kwarai da gaske a cikin sutura, kuma taka tsantsan da ɓoye-ɓoye sune halinsa na biyu.
Menene ocelot ke ci?
Hotuna: Ocelot cat
Ocelot shine, da farko, mai farauta, sabili da haka, tsarin menu ya dace da shi. Tunda ba wani babban mai farauta ba ne, to abin da yake ganima bai bambanta a girma ba.
Katon menu ya kunshi:
- Monananan birai;
- Duk nau'ikan beraye;
- Lizard da Maciji;
- Fuka mai fuka;
- Kwari;
- Masassarar kunkuru;
- Masu yin burodi;
- Kifi.
Lokacin da kyanwa take jin yunwa sosai, zata iya kaiwa kan karamin jaki da alade na gida hari, amma wannan ba safai ba. Ruwan teku na iya farauta na awowi, a hankali ya kiyaye wanda aka yiwa fakon kwanton bauna. Lokacin farautar babban wasa, ocelot yana ɓuya a cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, yana neman abin farauta daga sama, da ƙananan dabbobi, yawanci yakan jagoranci duba shi daga busassun daji. Haƙuri a cikin wannan lamarin bai ɗauka ba.
Ocelot yana kai hari da saurin walƙiya don kada abin farauta ba shi da lokacin dawowa cikin hayyacinsa, da tsalle guda ɗaya ya buga wanda aka azabtar sannan ya buge da cizo a wuya. Jin ji, gani da kyau da kuma jin kamshi suna taimaka wa ocelot yayi farauta da yamma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: fasalin sabon abu na wannan kyan shine tsarin haƙoranta, waɗanda ba a tsara su don tauna abinci da kyau ba. Saboda wannan, masarufi sukan yayyaga wanda aka azabtar da fuskokinsu kuma su shanye su gaba daya, kawai suna hadiye su.
Matsakaicin ƙaramin abinci da ake buƙata ga mai cin gashin ƙanƙara a kowace rana shine gram 500. Ocelot yana cin ganima daga kai, sai babban ya fara ci daga ɓangaren mai laushi, yana yayyage gabaki ɗaya, wanda yake haɗiye shi gabaki ɗaya. Yana da kyau a lura da cewa ocelots din da aka kama suna ciyarwa iri daya kamar a daji. Lokaci kawai abinci na musamman na kyanwa ke bayyana a menu na masu farautar cikin gida.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Dabbobin ruwa
Tsuntsayen ruwa sun fi son zama cikin cikakken kadaici, suna yin nau'i-nau'i ne kawai don lokacin saduwa. Dabbobi ne marasa nutsuwa waɗanda ke da yankunansu, iyakokin da suke yin alama da kyau don kauce wa kutsawar baƙi. Wani babban mutum ya saka yanki mai fadin kilomita murabba'i 30, a mace ya ninka biyu. Yawancin lokaci mallakar mata ɗaya ana rufe ta da rabon mata da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mashinan ruwa suna iyo sosai kuma suna hawa ba bishiyoyi kawai ba, har ma da gangaren tsaunuka.
Waɗannan ƙananan damisoshin suna da kyakkyawan ji, gani da ƙanshi. Ocelots za su iya sadarwa tare da juna ta amfani da sauti. Wasu lokuta suna kawai meow tare da waƙar kyanwa mai ban sha'awa, kuma a lokacin bikin aure suna fitar da babbar murya, ihu mai ƙarfi, suna neman mace mai zuciya. A dabi'ance, tekun yana rufe da ɓoye, yana guje wa mutane ta kowace hanya, yana zaɓar wuraren da ba za a iya wucewa ba don rayuwarsa. Wadannan dabbobin suna da kuzari sosai kuma a lokaci guda suna masu taka tsantsan, suna kokarin kada cutar da idanun wasu dabbobi, suna buya a cikin girma mai girma.
Masu farauta masu hangen nesa suna zuwa farauta da yamma, kuma a cikin hasken rana suna hucewa a cikin daskararrun inuwa, a kan rassa ko rami mai zurfi na bishiyoyi. Ocelot yana kashe rabin lokacin farautar rana, yayin da zai iya yin tafiya mai nisa don neman abin farauta, yana ɗaukar captan ƙaramin sautuna da rawar jijjiga ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin, saboda katar tana da matattakalar ji da ji sosai.
Waswasin ocelot, kamar eriya masu ƙarfi, suna taimaka masa sauƙaƙa kewaya kowace ƙasa kuma yana tafiya cikin nutsuwa da kyau, yana yin hanyarsa ta raƙuman duwatsu da raƙuman duwatsu. Tsawon rayuwar ocelot da ke rayuwa a cikin daji ya kai kimanin shekaru 14, kuma mutane masu raha, tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, na iya rayuwa tsawon rubu'in karni.
Waɗannan masanan wadanda suke zaune a gida suna da wayo, masu aiki kuma suna da halaye na wasa. Nishaɗinsu yana ɗan tuna da wasannin kare, suna son ɗauka da kawo ƙwallo a cikin haƙoransu, yin tafiya akan leda baya damunsu da komai, suna son yin iyo a cikin ruwa ko wani ruwa. Amma kafa abokantaka mai ƙarfi tare da wasu dabbobin gida abu ne mai wuya ga mai sihiri, saboda ta yanayin ɗabi'arsa yana da 'yanci sosai kuma ba ya son gasa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Ocelot yar kyanwa
Matan da suka balaga da dorinar ruwa sun fi kusa da shekara ɗaya da rabi, kuma maza - zuwa biyu da rabi. Wadannan masu farautar ba su da wani lokaci na musamman don lokacin saduwa, amma galibi ana yin bukukuwan aure daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Sau da yawa, mata sune na farko da zasu fara neman mazajensu, suna nuna ƙarfi da kira ga ango zuwa ga kansu, waɗanda ke amsa kiran da babbar murya. Mace takan buge namiji da ƙafafun hannunta masu ƙarfi don ya fara saduwa. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki kusan kwanaki 80 ne.
Mahaifiyar da zata kasance tana shirye-shiryen tanadin tsari ga zuriyarta. Zai iya zama a cikin sararin fili, kogon ɓoye, ko kuma kawai a cikin dazuzzuka. Mace tana yin shimfida mai taushi daga gashinta, wanda take hawaye daga ciki. Ocelot na iya samun daga toa 1a 1 zuwa 4, amma galibi akan sami guda ɗaya ko biyu. Kittens an riga an haife su a cikin gashin gashi, wanda yake da inuwa fiye da ta iyayensu, amma sun makance gaba ɗaya, nauyin jarirai ya kai gram 250. Kyanwa mai kulawa tana kula dasu da madara har tsawon watanni uku. Bayan kamar sati 3, idanun kittens ɗin sun buɗe.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: wasu mazan ruwa suna taimakawa mace wajen kiwon zuriya. Suna kawo mata abinci a kogon kuma suna tsare gidan daga wasu mahara.
Jarirai suna girma a hankali kuma suna kusa da watanni uku da haihuwa sun fara barin mafakarsu. Sannan uwa ko iyayen duka sun fara jan kananan dabbobi zuwa kogon, suna koya wa yara farauta, kuma ba da daɗewa ba suka ɗauki yaran da suka girma tare da su don neman abinci, suna cusa musu duk dabarun da suka dace. Kittens suna rayuwa tare da mahaifiyarsu na dogon lokaci kuma kusan shekaru biyu ne suka fara neman yankin kansu don zama na dindindin.
Abokan gaba na ocelot
Hotuna: Wild Ocelot
Ocelot ba babban mai farauta bane, saboda haka abokan gaba a cikin daji sunfi girma girma. Da farko dai, wadannan 'yan damfara ne da jaguar, suna da karfi sosai, suna da karfi kuma suna da karfi, saboda haka gwagwarmaya tsakanin su da masu fada a ji galibi suna karewa da mutuwar na karshen. Ga ƙananan dabbobi, caimans, boas da anacondas suna yin barazana. Bugu da kari, a tsakanin masu ruwa da tsubbu, irin wannan dabi'ar kamar cin naman mutane ana bunkasa su, lokacin da rashin kwarewa, raunana, matashin mai farauta zai iya zama wanda aka azabtar da danginsa mafi girma da karfi.
Abun bakin ciki ne gano wannan, amma babban maƙiyi kuma mafi haɗari ga ocelot shine mutum. Kwanan kwanan nan, mafarauta suna bin mashigar ruwa saboda kyawawan gashinta. Kawai a cikin shekaru saba'in na karnin da ya gabata an kashe adadi mai yawa na maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, haka kuma an sayar da masu farautar kai tsaye don kuɗi na ban mamaki. An shigo da dubunnan fatun wannan kyakkyawar dabba ba bisa doka ba zuwa Amurka, wanda gashin gashinsa ya kai kimanin dala dubu arba'in a wancan lokacin.
Wata barazanar da ke tattare da magudanan ruwa shi ne mamayewar mutane zuwa mazauninsu na dindindin da lalata wadancan dabbobin da kyanwar daji ke farauta. Duk wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa ocelot yana gab da ɓacewa gaba ɗaya, yanzu lamarin ya inganta sosai. Babban abu shine cewa wannan yanayin da yafi dacewa ga yawan waɗannan kuliyoyin ya ci gaba a nan gaba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Ocelot cat
Na dogon lokaci, masanan ruwa suna cikin hallaka ta hanyar fatauci, cinikin wannan maɗaukakin mai farautar ya bunkasa. Duk fatar dabbar da kuma rayayyun mutane kansu, wanda ya shahara a tsakanin masoya na musamman, an yaba.
Shekarun saba'in na karni na ashirin sun kasance alama ta gaskiyar cewa yawan magabata ya ragu sosai, a wancan lokacin zasu iya bacewa gaba daya daga doron kasa, don haka an saka su a cikin Littafin Ja, suna daukar tsauraran matakan kariya ga wannan ban mamaki na nau'in. Yanzu farautar wadannan dabbobin haramtacce ne, fatauci a cikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ma haramun ne, amma har yanzu ana aiwatar da ayyukan haram, kodayake ba a irin wannan girman ba.
Adadin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ya karu, yanzu wannan dabbar ba ta cikin haɗarin barazanar hallaka kamar da, amma har yanzu yawan masu farautar ba su da yawa. Adadin waɗannan kuliyoyin daji, kodayake ba da sauri haka ba, a hankali yana ci gaba da raguwa.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun yi imanin cewa mafi yawan adadin magudanan ruwa suna mai da hankali ne a cikin gandun dajin da ba za a iya shiga ta Amazon ba. A cikin shekarun 90, sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙidaya mutane, amma bayanai game da wannan ya banbanta, a cewarsu, adadin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a wancan lokacin sun ƙaru daga dabbobi 800,000 zuwa miliyan miliyan uku, wannan yaɗu ne a cikin alamun.
Kariyar Ocelot
Hotuna: Ocelot Red Book
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ocelot ya kara zuwa jerin dabbobin da aka hada a cikin littafin Red Book a shekarun saba'in na karnin da ya gabata. A wannan lokacin ne adadin wannan nau'in na dogayen ya kusan kai matakin ƙarancin gaske saboda ci gaban aikin farauta mai ƙarfi. An sanya takunkumi mafi tsauri kan farauta da fataucin fata da kayayyakin fata daga mashigar ruwa. Baya ga matakan hanawa da aka ambata a sama, mutane sun fara kirkirar wurare masu kariya, wuraren shakatawa na kasa, inda dabba ta sake haihuwa cikin aminci.
Duk waɗannan matakan sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa ocelot, wanda na dogon lokaci yana ƙarƙashin matsayin dabba mafi rauni, ya sami sabon matsayi, yanzu, a cewar Unionungiyar forungiyar forasashe ta Duniya don Kula da Natabi'a, tun daga 2008 ana ɗaukarta "mafi ƙarancin barazana". Duk da wannan, har yanzu yawan magunan yana raguwa, saboda ci gaba da farautar boye, kuma yankuna da yawa na mazaunin dabba mutum ne ya lalata su.
Mutane suna buƙatar dakatar da faɗuwar gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da rashin yin katsalandan a yankunan yankunan daji waɗanda yawancin wakilai daban-daban na fauna ke zaune, saboda tare da yankunan gandun daji ba kawai huhun duniyarmu suke lalata ba, har ma da dabbobi masu ban sha'awa, ciki har da mafi kyawu.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara hakan ocelot - mai sihiri ne wanda yake birgewa kuma yake yin sihiri tare da sihiri na samfuran sa na musamman da zurfafawa, mai bayyanawa, idanun mara kyau.Ba don komai ba ne Salvador Dali da kansa yake da irin wannan dabbar dabba mai suna Babou, wacce ta faranta masa rai da alherinsa da kwarjininsa. A zamanin da a cikin Misira da Peru, an yi wa wannan maƙarƙancin bautar Allah, mutane suna sujada ga ocelot, suna girmama shi ba kawai don kyawunsa ba, har ma da taka tsantsan, ƙarfi da rashin tsoro. Yana da kyau mutane sun kama su a kan lokaci kuma sun sami damar hana halakar waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki. Yanzu muna iya fata kawai cewa da yawa daga cikin tsararrakin ɗan adam za su yaba kuma su yaba da ɗaukakarsa da ɗaukakarsa.
Ranar bugawa: 08.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 15:07
