Da yawa sun ji labarin mazaunin Afirka mai ban mamaki. Fenech fox Yana daya daga cikin dabbobin da basu saba ba. Mai saurin fahimta da aiki. Karami mafi ƙanƙanta ya fi ƙanƙan gida girma, amma tare da manyan kunnuwa. Tare da kyakkyawar fuska da kyawawan launuka. Fenech na iya rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi na hamada mai zafi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lisa Fenech
Fennec fox, a matsayin jinsin, yana cikin umarnin masu farauta, dangin canine, jinsin dabbobin. Sunan dabbar ya fito ne daga fanak, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "Fox" a larabci. Da farko dai, fennecs sun fita waje don ƙananan girmansu kuma ba daidai ba manyan kunnuwa. Kwararru, waɗanda aka ba da wannan takamaiman bayyanar dabba, galibi suna rarrabe jinsin daban don ita, wanda ake kira Fennecus.
Tare da ci gaban ilimin kimiyya, ya zama sananne cewa Fenech yana da ƙarancin chromosomes fiye da dawakai da yawa, wanda ke ba da izinin rabuwa da keɓaɓɓe a cikin jinsin daban. Bugu da kari, ba su da musk gland, sabanin fox. Hakanan sun bambanta a tsarin rayuwarsu da tsarin zamantakewar su.
Sunan jinsin a Latin Vulpes (kuma wani lokacin Fennecus) zerda a zahiri yana nufin "busasshiyar fox". Sunan ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa fenech yana rayuwa a yankuna masu bushe bushe. Asali dangi na fennec shine babban kunnuwa, wanda ke da kakani ɗaya tare da shi. An sayar da karnukan Fennec kimanin shekaru miliyan 4.5 da suka gabata. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin halayyar siffofin gama gari tare da fox da wakilan wasu nau'ikan "kama-daƙan fox" an yi bayaninsu ta hanyar juyin halitta mai kama da juna.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Fennec fox
Fennec fox yana da karamin girman jiki. Wadannan karnukan sun auna nauyin kilogiram 1.5 kawai, kamar kananan kuliyoyin gida. Tsayin dabba kadan ne, kimanin santimita 20 a bushe. Tsawon jiki ya banbanta daga santimita 30 zuwa 40, tare da tsawon jelar yana ɗaukar kusan adadin. Wsafafun dabbobin ba su da gajarta kuma suna kama da na kyanwa. Abin sha'awa, an rufe pads na yatsun da fur. Wannan yana bawa fennec damar yawo a farfajiyar ƙasar hamada ko yashi a rana.
Bidiyo: Lisa Fenech
Hannun bakin dabba gabaɗaya yana kama da fox, amma ya fi guntu, tare da kaifi kusa da hanci. Kunnuwan fennecs suna da ban sha'awa sosai: suna da girma idan aka kwatanta da girman girman fox, mai faɗi, amma siriri. Rashin kunnuwan manyan kunnuwa ya zama dole don kiyaye dabbar daga zafin nama. Irin wannan girman ya zama dole don kunnuwa su tsara yanayin zafin jiki, tunda gandun dajin hamada ba shi da gumi. Bugu da kari, saboda yawan kunnen, jin ci gaban wadannan karnukan ya bunkasa sosai, kuma yana ba su damar jin duk wani sautin abin da suke so na farauta a cikin yashi.
Hakorin dabba kanana ne kuma masu kaifi sosai. Saboda haka, Fenech na iya tauna murfin kwari sosai. A baya, launin fur ɗin ja ne, a kan abin rufe fuska da ƙafafu yana da haske, zuwa fari. Kubiyu sun fi launi launi fiye da na manya, suna yin duhu da shekaru. Rigar ta rufe dukkan jiki. Ya yi kauri kuma ya fi tsayi duka a jiki da ƙafafu. Gashin kan jela ya ma fi tsayi, saboda haka yana gani sosai yana ƙaruwa da girma. Gabaɗaya, Jawo yana ba da ra'ayi cewa fennecs sun fi su girma sosai. A waje, da alama Fenech ya fi nauyin kilogram ɗaya da rabi.
Ina fennec fox ke zaune?
Hotuna: Fox Fenech
Don fennec, mazauninsa na asali yanki ne na hamada, rabin hamada da steppes. Ya saba da yankuna masu faɗi da baƙuwar ruwa da ba ta wuce 300 mm a shekara, an rufe shi da yashi ko duwatsu, da wuraren da ba su da ciyayi. Za a iya ɗaukar dunes na yashi wuri mai kyau.
Saboda mazaunin sa, ana kiran fennec fox da hamada. Rashin ruwa baya bashi tsoro ko yaya. Waɗannan dabbobin, ba shakka, ba sa son yin tafiya a saman ɗumi mai zafi, saboda haka suna aiki da yamma. Suna ƙoƙari su haƙa mafakarsu kusa da ciyawar ciyawar da ba ta da yawa.
Misali, tushen shrub sun dace sosai da haƙa rami tsakanin tushen sa. Ramukan fenk foxes na musamman ne: suna da motsi da rassa da yawa. Kusan a tsakiyar tsakanin su, fennecs suna layi gadajensu da bambaro, ƙura, fur ko gashinsa. Idan baƙon da ba a gayyata ba ya shiga ɗayan hanyoyin, dabbar na iya barin mafaka ta wata hanyar fita.
Wurin zama na Foxn na hamada karami ne idan aka yi la’akari da jeren wasu dawakai da suka bazu zuwa kusan dukkan nahiyoyi. Fenech yana zaune a Arewacin Afirka aƙalla 14 ° N. a yankunanta marasa shiga da kuma yankin Larabawa.
Kuna iya saduwa da dabba a ƙasashe da yawa:
- Tunisia;
- Masar;
- Aljeriya;
- Libya;
- Maroko;
- Mauritaniya;
- Jamhuriyar Chadi;
- Nijar;
- Sudan;
- Isra'ila.
Ana samun mafi yawan karnukan hamada a cikin Hamadar Sahara.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Fenech dabba ce mai nutsuwa, ba ta canza mazaunin ta koda da canjin yanayi.
Menene fennec fox ke ci?
Hotuna: Little Fennec Fox
Fenny dawakai ba su da bambanci a cikin abincinsu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda mazauninsu. A cikin hamada, basu da zabi, don haka suna cin duk abin da zasu samu. Don haka, duk tushen da aka tono na iya zama tushen tushen abinci mai gina jiki da kuma tushen ƙaramin danshi. Duk 'ya'yan itacen da' ya'yan itacen da aka samo suma fennecs suna amfani dasu don abinci, amma basu da yawa a cikin hamada, don haka ba sune babban abincin dawakai ba. Wani fasalin dabbar shine cewa zai iya zama ba tare da ruwa ba na dogon lokaci, kuma yana karɓar ruwan da ake buƙata daga 'ya'yan itacen da ake ci da shuke-shuke.
Ba don komai ba ne yanayi ya baiwa fenniks da irin wannan manyan kunnuwa. Tare da kyakkyawar ji, suna kama kowane irin rustles da ƙanƙanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwari suka yi a cikin yashi ko ƙarƙashin ƙasa, don haka da sauri sukan yage su sannan su tauna.
Suna jin daɗin cin abinci:
- kananan rodents (linzamin vole);
- kadangaru;
- kaji.
Hakanan, dabbar tana son cin ƙwai. Mafi yawan lokuta Fenech yana cin ragowar kayan abincin wani da dabbobin da suka mutu ajalin mutum. Carrion na iya zama koda abinci ne mafi wadata, musamman idan an sami ragowar babbar dabba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: fennec fox tana adana abinci mai yawa a ajiye, amma sabanin ire-iren wadannan kudarorin, foen fennec yana tuna wuraren ajiya da wuraren da suke.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Sand fox Fenech
Fenki yana da yawan wasa da son sha'awa. Amma a lokaci guda, suna da hankali da ɓoye sosai. A lokacin rana, galibi suna da kuzari kuma suna aiki sosai game da 15% na lokacin, suna cikin natsuwa da annashuwa kusan 20%, sauran lokutan kuma suna yin bacci lafiyayye.
Ayyuka da Fennec suka fi so suna gaskatawa shine haƙa ramuka da tsalle. Misali, yayin farauta, yana iya tsallakewa zuwa kusan santimita 70. Bugu da kari, tsawon tsallen sa zai iya kai mita daya da rabi, wanda yake da yawa ga karamin girman sa.
Farauta, kamar sauran ayyukan dabbobi na yau da kullun, yakan faru ne da daddare, lokacin da yanayin zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa ƙimar da aka yarda da ita. Daga cikin siffofin karnukan hamada, za a iya lura cewa furcinsu mai kauri yana karewa, duk da cewa yana kariya daga sanyi, amma fennec fox ya fara daskarewa koda a + digiri 20 na zafin jiki, wanda ya bayyana kansa a cikin gaskiyar cewa ya fara girgiza daga sanyi. Fenech tayi kokarin farauta ita kadai.
Don kariya daga rana, Fennec fox na iya haƙa sabon mafaka kowane dare. Yana haƙa ramuka cikin sauƙi cewa a cikin dare zai iya haƙa rami har tsawon mita shida ba tare da ƙoƙarin da ake gani ba. Fenech na iya binne kanta a cikin yashi ba kawai don kariya daga rana ba, amma kuma idan ta hango wani haɗari. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya binne kansa da sauri cewa zai zama kamar dabba ta riga ta zo nan, amma yanzu ba za a same shi ba, kamar ba a nan take ba. Suna kallo daga cikin minks ɗin a kan wayo, da farko suna motsa kunnuwansu, suna saurara da kyau, suna shakar iska, sannan kawai da ƙyar suke fitowa daga yashi.
Suna da hangen nesa sosai. Yawan gani ya karu saboda kasancewar kwayar ido ta musamman, wacce ke taimakawa wajen haskaka abubuwan da aka lura, kamar yadda suke. Da dare, kallo yana kama da na fatine, banda cewa a kuliyoyi mun saba da kallon koren haske daga idanuwa, kuma a cikin fennecs, idanun suna haske ja.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Fennec fox
Fennec Foxs dabbobi ne na zamantakewar jama'a. Yawancin lokaci suna zaune a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mutane 10. An kafa rukuni bisa tsarin iyali kuma yawanci suna kunshe ne da cikakkun ma'aurata guda biyu, zuriyarsu wadanda basu balaga ba kuma, wasu lokuta, na wasu manyan yara da yawa wadanda basu kafa danginsu ba. Kowane rukuni yana da yankin da yake da takamaiman yanki, wanda iyakokinsa ke dauke da fitsari da najasa. Manyan maza a rukunin suna yin fitsari fiye da sauran mutane. Karnukan hamada su ne masu kare abubuwan zub da ruwa da kuma yankunansu.
Fenkies suna da kyau sosai. Kamar sauran dabbobin zamantakewa, suna amfani da nau'ikan sadarwa da yawa - na gani da na taɓawa, kuma, ba shakka, jin ƙanshi. Wasanni suna da mahimmancin gaske wajen kiyaye matsayi da tsarin zamantakewa a cikin ƙungiyar. Yanayin wasannin na iya canzawa yayin rana ɗaya, da yanayi. Vocalization aka sosai ci gaba a cikin dabbobi. Duka manya da puan kwikwiyo, don manufar sadarwa da juna, na iya yin sautukan raɗaɗi, sautuna iri ɗaya kamar maye, za su iya haushi, kuka, ihu da kururuwa. Ihun Fennec gajere ne, amma yana da ƙarfi.
Fenkies dabbobi ne masu auren mata daya. A lokacin kiwo, wanda yawanci yakan kasance na makonni 4-6, mazaje sun zama masu zafin rai, kuma a lokaci guda suna fara yiwa wurarensu da kyau fitsari. Maimaitawa yana faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara, yawanci a Janairu-Fabrairu. Idan zuriyar ta mutu saboda wasu dalilai, to manya zasu iya sake haihuwar puan kwikwiyo, wanda sau da yawa yakan faru idan akwai wadataccen abinci.
Fennecs na maza sune kyawawan uba. Suna taimaka wa mace don kare hera heranta, amma mace ba ta yarda su sadu da withan kwikwiyo har sai sun fara wasa da kansu a kusa da ƙofar kogonsu. Wannan yakan faru kusan makonni biyar zuwa shida na haihuwa. Namiji ya kawo abinci a cikin kabarin. Saboda gaskiyar cewa mace tana aikata mugunta kuma tana kare ppan kwikwiyo daga gare shi, namiji baya shiga kogon, amma yana barin abinci a kusa.
Lokacin rutting don fennecs yana ɗaukar watanni biyu. Amma a lokaci guda a cikin mata estrus ba ya daɗewa - kwana biyu kawai. Mace na fahimtar wa maza game da shirye-shiryenta na mating ta matsayin jela. Ta dauke shi zuwa kwance a kwance ta hanya daya.
Abokan gaba na fennec fox
Hotuna: aredan fennec fox mai kunnuwan kunne
Fenkies ba su da lalata da dabbobi masu taushi, suna jagorantar ayyukansu da daddare. A cikin daji, ba su da abokan gaba kusan. Abokan gaba sun hada da diloli, kuraye, da dawakan yashi, waɗanda suka yi kama da na fennec. Amma barazanar su ba kai tsaye ba ce. Kyakkyawan sauraro yana bawa fennecs damar gano wani baƙon a gaba kuma su ɓoye shi a cikin layinsu.
Babban makiyin fennec shine mujiya, wanda, duk da tsananin larurar fennec da saurinsa, yana iya farautar karen daji. Mujiya na tashi shiru, don haka yana iya kamo ɗan da ba shi da hankali a kusa da kabarin, duk da cewa iyayensa na nan kusa da wannan lokacin.
Hakanan, makiyin fennec ana daukar sa lynx ne na hamadar - caracal, amma wannan kawai shaida ce ta kaikaice, tunda babu wani daga cikin mutanen da ya ga shaidun gani da ido na farautar fennec. A zahiri, abokan gaba na hamada kawai shine mutumin da yake farauta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, misali, helminth.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Afirka fox Fennec fox
Matsayin nau'in a halin yanzu shine mafi ƙarancin damuwa. Adadin karnukan hamada a cikin yanayi ba'a taɓa kimantawa da kowa daidai ba. Amma idan aka yi la’akari da yadda sau da yawa ake samun dabbar, da kuma yawan mutanen da mazauna yankin ke kamawa koyaushe, to yawan fensho na da muhimmanci, kuma yawan su yana cikin kwanciyar hankali. A gidajen zoo a duk duniya, akwai kusan mutane 300. Hakanan, ana ajiye dabbobi da yawa azaman dabbobi.
Babu wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci na rage adadin dabbobi a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, yankuna da ke kusa da hamadar Sahara, kamar sauran yankuna masu bushewa waɗanda ba a taɓa rayuwarsu ba, a hankali mutane suna sake su, suna ƙara haɗarin ga wasu alumma. Misali, a kudancin Morocco, a wuraren da ake gina sabbin ƙauyuka fox fennec bace. Dabbobi suna ƙarƙashin izinin farauta. An samo su musamman don fur. Amma kuma ana yawan kama su don sake siyar dasu azaman dabbobi zuwa Arewacin Amurka ko Turai.
Ranar bugawa: 27.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/15/2019 da 19:30
