Katta, ringi-wutsiyoyi, ko lemur mai yatsan zobe - sunayen wata dabba mai ban dariya daga Madagascar suna da sauti iri-iri. Lokacin da mazauna yankin ke magana game da lemurs, suna kiran su poppies. Saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbobi masu ban al'ajabi ba na dare bane, ana kwatanta su da fatalwowi tun zamanin da. Alamar kasuwancin lemur ita ce jela mai tsayi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: lemur mai yatsan zobe
Kalmar "lemur" na nufin mugunta, fatalwa, ruhun mamaci. A cewar tatsuniya, ana kiran dabbobi marasa lahani da lahani don kawai sun tsoratar da matafiya daga Rome na Da, waɗanda suka fara zuwa Madagascar. Turawan sun tashi zuwa tsibirin da daddare kuma sun firgita ƙwarai da idanuwansu masu haske da sautuna waɗanda suka fito daga dajin dare. Tsoro yana da manyan idanu kuma tun daga lokacin ake kiran kyawawan dabbobi na tsibirin lemurs.
Lemur mai ƙarancin zobe na dangin lemurid ne kuma shine kawai memba na nau'in lemur. Poppies dabbobi ne masu shayarwa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin hanci marasa ƙarfi daga dangin lemur. Tsuntsaye ne masu dauke da hanci wadanda suke daga tsoffin dadaddun halittu a duniyarmu. Ana iya kiransu 'yan asalin ƙasar Madagascar. Masana kimiyya sun lura bisa ga burbushin burbushin lemurs wanda farkon halittar lemur ya rayu shekaru miliyan 60 da suka gabata a Afirka.
Bidiyo: mwayar lemur
Lokacin da Madagascar ta yi nesa da Afirka, to dabbobin sun koma tsibirin. Gabaɗaya akwai fiye da nau'ikan nau'in lemurs. Tare da sa hannun mutum a cikin mazaunin fari, yawancin waɗannan dabbobin sun fara raguwa. Nau'in 16 na lemur-kamar sun ɓace.
Iyalai uku na lemurs sun mutu:
- megadalapis (koala lemurs) - ya mutu shekaru 12000 da suka wuce, nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 75, sun ci abincin tsire;
- paleopropithecines (genus archiondri) - ya ɓace a cikin ƙarni na 16 na zamaninmu;
- archeolemuric - ya rayu har zuwa karni na XII, nauyin kilogiram 25, mazaunin - tsibirin duka, mai cike da abubuwa.
Mafi sauri ya ɓace manyan nau'ikan lemurs, wanda yayi kama da gorilla mai girman nauyi mai nauyin 200 kg. Sun jagoranci mafi yawan rayuwar yau da kullun. Sun kasance m. Sun zama masu sauƙin ganima ga mafarautan wancan lokacin - masaniyar nama da fatun dabbobi masu ƙarfi na waɗannan dabbobin.
Nau'ikan lemurs waɗanda suka wanzu har zuwa zamaninmu sun kasu gida biyar:
- lemur;
- dodo;
- mai-siffa;
- indrie;
- kamarazam.
A yau, tsibirin yana da kusan nau'in 100 na kamannin lemur. Mafi ƙanƙanta shine lemur na pygmy kuma mafi girma shine indri. Ana samun ƙarin sabbin nau'in lemurs kuma za a bayyana wasu nau'ikan 10-20 nan gaba. Ba a fahimtar Lemurids da kyau idan aka kwatanta da sauran birai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: lemur mai zobe daga Madagascar
Lemurs kamar birrai ne daga wata duniya. Saboda manyan idanu, waɗanda aka zana su da duhu, sun yi kama da baƙi. Ana iya ɗaukar su dangi, amma dabbobin daban ne kuma sun bambanta da halaye da yawa. Na dogon lokaci, ƙwayoyin cuta marasa hanci sun yi kuskuren zama biri-biri. Babban banbanci da birrai shine hancin hanci kamar na kare da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin kamshi.
Lemurs masu taurin zobe ana samun sauƙin ganewa ta wutsiyar su, bushy, wacce aka kawata ta da launuka masu launin baki da fari. An tayar da wutsiya kamar eriya kuma tana lankwasa a karkace. Tare da taimakon jelarsu, suna nuna alamar wurin su, daidaitawa akan bishiyoyi da lokacin tsalle daga reshe zuwa reshe. Wutsiyar lemurs wajibi ne yayin yakin "wari", yayin lokacin saduwa. Idan sanyi ne da daddare, ko da sanyin safiya, to dabbobi suna da dumi tare da taimakon jela, kamar suna sanye da gashin gashi. Wutsiya ta fi jikin dabba tsawo. Kimanin kimanin 40:60 cm.
Lemurs siriri ne, ya dace - a shirye yake don ya zama kamar kuliyoyi. Yanayi ya baiwa waɗannan dabbobi kyakkyawan launi. Launin jelar ya bayyana a kan bakin bakin: kusa da idanu da bakin akwai launin baki, kuma kunci da kunnuwa farare ne. Baya na iya zama launin toka ko launin ruwan kasa tare da inuwar hoda.
Gefen ciki na lemur mai ɗaurin zobe an rufe shi da kyau da farin gashi. Kuma kai da wuya ne kawai launin toka mai duhu. Abun bakin bakin kaifi ne, mai tuno da abin birgewa. Gashi gajere ne, mai kauri, mai taushi, kamar fur.
A kan 'yan' yatsu da yatsu guda biyar, gabobin jikin mutum kamar na biri. Godiya ga wannan fasalin, lemurs yana dagewa sosai akan rassan bishiya kuma yana iya riƙe abinci a sauƙaƙe. Dabino an rufe shi da baƙin fata ba tare da ulu ba. A kan yatsan katta, kusoshi kuma kawai a yatsan hannu na biyu na ƙafafun kafa na baya ke yin fika. Dabbobi suna amfani da su don tsefe gashinsu mai kauri. Hakoran lemurs suna wuri ne na musamman: ƙananan haɗuwa suna sannu kusa kuma sun karkata, kuma tsakanin na sama akwai babban rata, wanda yake a ƙasan hanci. Yawancin lokaci lemurs na wannan nau'in suna da nauyin kilogiram 2.2, kuma matsakaicin nauyi ya kai 3.5 kilogiram, kuma jelar tana da nauyin kilogram 1.5.
A ina ne lemurs ringi suke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Lemur dangin dangi
Lemurs masu yawan gaske ne. A cikin yanayin yanayi, suna rayuwa ne kawai a tsibirin Madagascar. Yanayin tsibirin mai canzawa ne. Ana ruwa daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu. Mayu zuwa Oktoba sun fi yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali da ƙarancin ruwan sama. Yankin gabashin tsibirin ya mamaye dazuzzuka masu zafi da yanayi mai zafi. Yankin tsakiyar tsibirin ya bushe, ya sanyaya, kuma filayen shinkafa suna cike da filaye. Lemurs sun daidaita don rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Lemurs masu zobe da zobe sun zaɓi zama a kudanci da kudu maso yamma na ƙasar Madagascar. Sun mamaye sulusin tsibirin. Suna zaune ne a wurare masu zafi, da dazuzzuka, da daɗaɗɗun gandun daji, a cikin busassun wuraren da aka rufe da dazuzzuka na daji, daga Fort Dauphin zuwa Monradova.
Waɗannan yankuna suna mamaye da bishiyoyin tamarind, waɗanda fruitsa leavesan itacensu da ganyensu su ne abubuwan da aka fi so da lemur, da kuma sauran manyan bishiyoyi da suka kai tsayin m 25. Gandun daji na shrub sun bushe kuma sun fi ƙasa tsayi.
Akwai yawan lemurs na zoben zobe a tsaunukan Andringitra. Suna son yawo tare da gangaren dutse. Da basira tsalle kan kaifin duwatsu, kwata-kwata baya cutar da lafiyarsu. Yanayin ya canza tare da zuwan mutane kan tsibirin. Yaran dazuzzuka sun fara kirkirar makiyaya da ƙasar noma.
Menene lemur mai yatsun zobe ke ci?
Hotuna: lemurs mai yatsan zobe
Tare da wadataccen abincin tsirrai, lemurs gaba daya basa yin abincin asalin dabbobi. Dabbobi ne masu cin komai. Vegetarin masu cin ganyayyaki fiye da masu cin nama. Rayuwa a cikin manyan dazuzzuka yayi bayanin kyakkyawan zaɓi na abinci iri-iri. Duk abin da suka samu a kusa ana ci. Ana cin ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace ta riƙe ƙafafun gaba. Idan 'ya'yan itacen babba ne, to sai su zauna a bishiya kuma a hankali su ciji ba tare da sun tsince shi ba.
Abincin abincin lemur na zoben ya haɗa da:
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (ayaba, ɓaure);
- 'ya'yan itace;
- furanni;
- cacti;
- tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire;
- ganye da bawon bishiyoyi;
- qwai tsuntsaye;
- tsutsayen kwari, kwari (gizo-gizo, ciyawar ciyawa);
- kananan kashin baya (hawainiya, kananan tsuntsaye).
Game da rashin bacci, ko rashin abinci, lemurs koyaushe suna da wadataccen mai da abinci a cikin wutsiyarsu. Ana ciyar da kattsun da aka dafa tare da kayan madara mai ƙanshi, madarar ruwa, yoghurts, ƙwai mai kwarya, kayan lambu daban-daban, dafaffen nama, kifi, da burodi. 'Ya'yan Citrus suna da matukar son. Su ne manyan haƙori mai daɗi. Za su yi farin ciki don jin daɗin busassun 'ya'yan itatuwa, zuma, kwayoyi. Ba za su ba da dabbobi masu yawa ba: kyankyasai, kwarkwata, kwari na gari, ɓeraye.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: lemurs-zolar lemurs Madagascar
Lemurs masu kunna zobe suna aiki ko'ina cikin yini, amma duk da haka, salon rayuwar dare ya fi zama ruwan dare gama gari. Da fitowar magariba, sun fara aiki. An tsara hangen nesansu don su gani da daddare kamar yini. 'Yan mintoci kaɗan na barcin rana ya isa dabbobi su sake farka. A lokacin bacci, suna ɓoye kan su tsakanin ƙafafu kuma su lulluɓe kansu da jelar jeji.
Bayan sanyin dare tare da fitowar rana ta farko, lemurs suna dumama tare kuma suna jin daɗin dumin. Poppies sunbathe, sa bakinsu gaba, yada ƙafafunsu, yana nuna ciki zuwa rana, inda mafi tsananin bakin fur yake. Daga waje, komai yana da ban dariya, yana kama da tunani. Bayan maganin rana, suna neman abin da zasu ci sannan suyi brush na dogon lokaci. Lemurs dabbobi ne masu tsabta.
A wata 'yar hatsari, namiji yakan sanya kunnuwansa zagaye, ya runtse su kuma ya buga wutsiyar sa a tsorace. Rayuwa a cikin yanayin busassun, poppies suna daɗewa a ƙasa fiye da bishiyoyi. Suna neman abinci, hutawa kuma koyaushe suna wanka da rana. Suna motsawa sauƙi a ƙafafunsu na gaba, sau da yawa akan huɗu. Suna rufe manyan hanyoyi. Suna son cin abinci a cikin bishiyoyi suna tsalle daga itace zuwa itace. Suna iya yin tsalle na mita biyar. Poppies suna rarrafe tare da ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi, har ma da jarirai, suna manne a bayan wasu dangi.
Ba da daɗewa ba lemurs masu ƙarancin zobe keɓewa. Suna da kyakkyawar mu'amala kuma don su rayu cikin mawuyacin yanayi galibi suna tara ƙungiyoyin mutane shida zuwa talatin. Mata suna cikin manyan matsayi.
Kamar sauran lemurs, suma suna da ƙamshi sosai. Tare da taimakon ƙanshin da aka zubar, suna warware batun matsayi da kariyar yankunansu. Kowane rukuni yana da yankin da yake da alama. Maza suna barin alamun wari a jikin bishiyoyi tare da sirrin glandon axillary, tun da sun taɓa itacen da ƙusoshinsu. Ba ƙamshi ne kawai hanyar yin tambarin yankunansu ba.
Lemurs suna sadarwa iyakar shafin su ta amfani da sauti. Sauti suna da ban dariya - da alama dai kare na son yin haushi, amma sai ya zama kamar meow cat. Poppies na iya yin gurnani, purr, ihu, kururuwa, har ma da yin sautunan dannawa. Dogaro da yawan mutane, dabbobi suna mamaye wani yanki don zama, daga hekta shida zuwa ashirin. Lemurs suna cikin neman abinci koyaushe. Garken lokaci-lokaci, kimanin kilomita daya, yana canza mazauninsa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Baby Lemur
Ana samun rinjaye na manyan mata a kan maza ba tare da zalunci ba. Balaga yana faruwa yana da shekaru 2-3. Yawan haihuwa na lemurs yana da yawa. Mace a kowace shekara tare da zuriya. Lokacin saduwa yana farawa daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni. Maza, suna yaƙi don mace, suna sakin rafin mai tsananin wari ga juna daga guntun jelar. Wanda yayi nasara shine yafi kamshi. Mata suna saduwa da maza da yawa.
Ciki yana ɗan ɗan wata huɗu a cikin mace. Aikin kwadago yana farawa ne daga watan Agusta ya kuma kare a watan Satumba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana haihuwar kwikwiyo ɗaya, ƙasa da sau biyu masu nauyin nauyi har zuwa 120 g. Ana haihuwar Kubiyoyi da gani, an rufe su da fur.
Kwanakin farko na haihuwar uwa ce take saka su a ciki. Yana manne sosai da gashinta tare da tafin hannuwanta, kuma mace na riƙe yaron da jelarsa. An fara daga sati na biyu, jaririn mai laushi yana motsawa ta bayanta. Tun wata biyu, lemar ta riga ta samar da wuraren zama masu zaman kansu da wuraren shakatawa zuwa mahaifiyarsa lokacin da yake son ci ko bacci. Mata na katta lemurs uwaye ne abin misali, kuma maza kusan ba sa shiga cikin kiwon zuriya.
Mama tana shayar da jarirai madara har zuwa watanni biyar. Idan ba ta nan, to duk wata mace da ke da nono tana ciyar da jaririn. Lokacin da yaran sun cika watanni shida, suna zama masu cin gashin kansu. Youngananan mata suna bin ƙungiyar uwa, kuma maza suna motsawa cikin wasu. Duk da kyakkyawar kulawa, kashi 40% na jarirai ba su kai shekara ɗaya ba. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar manya a cikin yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 20.
Abokan gaba na zoben ƙusoshin lemurs
Hotuna: lemur mai zobe daga Madagascar
A cikin dazuzzukan Madagascar, akwai maharan da suka fi son cin abincin lemur. Babban makiyin Maki shine fossa. An kuma kira shi zaki na Madagascar. Fosas sun fi lemurs girma kuma suna tafiya cikin sauri ta bishiyoyi. Idan lemur ya fada hannun wannan zaki, to ba zai bar rai ba. Bankarewa, hakora masu ƙarfi, da fika ba za su taimaka ba. Fossa, kamar dai a cikin mummunan hali, ya kama wanda aka azabtar daga baya tare da ƙafafunsa na gaba kuma a wani lokaci ya karya bayan kansa.
Yawancin dabbobin da yawa suna mutuwa, yayin da suka zama masu sauƙin ganima ga ƙaramar civet, itacen Madagascar boa, mongoose; tsuntsaye masu cin nama kamar su: Mujiya mai dogon kunnuwa Madagascar, mujiya barn Madagascar, shaho. Kivet din shine mai farauta iri ɗaya kamar fossa, daga ajin civet, kawai a cikin ƙananan girma.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: lemur mai yatsan zobe
Adadin mutanen da abokan gaba suka kashe ana dawo da su cikin sauri, saboda yawan natsuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran lemurs, catta nau'in nau'in abu ne na yau da kullun kuma yana faruwa sau da yawa. Saboda sa bakin mutum, yawan lemurs masu taurin zobe suna raguwa sosai kuma yanzu waɗannan dabbobin suna buƙatar kulawa da kariya mafi girma.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan lemurs din ya ragu sosai wanda yasa ake fuskantar barazanar tsibirin da cikakkiyar halaka. Mutum yana canza wuraren zama na dabbobi, yana lalata dazuzzuka, hakar ma'adinai; yana tsunduma cikin farauta saboda dalilai na kasuwanci, farauta, kuma wannan yana haifar da hallaka su.
Lemurs masu zobe-zobe dabbobi ne masu jan hankali, wannan lamarin yana da tasirin gaske akan tattalin arzikin Madagascar. Yawancin yawon bude ido suna ziyartar tsibirin lemurs don ganin kyawawan dabbobi a cikin yanayin su. Poppies kwata-kwata basa tsoron yawon bude ido. Suna tsalle zuwa gare su daga rassan bishiyoyi da ke rataye a kan kogin da fatan cin ayaba. Adadin adadin lemun tsami na zobe da ke zaune a cikin yanayin su na yau da kullun a cikin gidan zoo yau kusan mutane 10,000 ne.
Guardararren lemur mai ɗaukar zobe
Photo: Zobe-tailed lemur Littafin Red
Tun daga shekara ta 2000, adadin lemuka masu dauke da zobe a daji ya ragu zuwa 2,000. An rarraba lemurs mai zobe azaman nau'ikan dabbobi masu hatsari saboda lalataccen muhalli, farautar kasuwanci, fataucin dabbobi masu ban sha'awa - wanda aka jera a cikin IUCN Red List of CITES Rataye na 1.
IUCN tana aiwatar da wani shiri na musamman na shekaru uku don karewa da ceton lemurs. Membobin kungiyar sun shirya kare mazaunin kuma, tare da taimakon ecotourism, ba za su ba da izinin farauta farauta ba. Akwai hukunce-hukuncen aikata laifi don ayyukan waɗanda ke da hannu a mutuwar lemurs.
Masu shirya yanayin kere-kere sun taimaka wa rayuwa da karuwar yawan dabbobi marasa karfi a Madagascar. Suna yaƙi da sare gandun daji, ba tare da hakan ba lemur mai yatsan zobe ba zai iya zama ba. Karfafawa mazauna yankin su kiyaye dazuzzuka, yaƙi da mafarauta, da tallafa musu da kuɗi. Babban aikinmu shine kula da ƙananan brothersan'uwa, kuma kada mu rayu daga duniyar. A cewar masanin kiyayewar, ana cewa haka - "Wannan nau'ikan lemurs na musamman mai ban mamaki shine mafi girman arzikin Madagascar."
Ranar bugawa: 25.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 12.12.2019 a 15:29
