Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja Shin dabbar mai shaƙuwa ce mai ƙafafu tana rayuwa a dazuzzuka na Tsakiyar Rasha da biranen Arewa. Hakanan jan barewa yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka, Eurasia, haka nan ana samun yawan wannan nau'in a Arewacin Afirka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Red deer
Iyalin barewa Cervldae suna da yawan nau'in zuriya. Red deer, sika deer, flower deer, deer red deer, babban barewa na irin gauze, Bukhara barewa.
Daya daga cikin wakilan wannan jinsin shine babbar barewa (Megaceros), shima ana kiran wannan nau'in babban barewar. Wannan jinsin ya rayu ne daga Pliocene zuwa Polyanite. Wannan kusan shekaru miliyan da suka gabata. Kakannin tsohuwar barewa sun rayu a tsakiyar Asiya. Daga ina kuma ya yadu a duk duniya.
A lokacin juyin halitta, wasu rukuni-rukuni da yawa sun bayyana - barewa na nau'in yamma. A cikin wannan nau'in, ƙahonin sun yi girma a cikin kambi. Jan barewa shine ainihin wakilin zamani na wannan nau'in. Kuma nau'in mutum na gabas, kahonninsu basa yin reshe. Wakilan wannan jinsi a cikin sifar da muke amfani da ita don ganinta ta bayyana a cikin Paleolithic. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ainihin bayyanar dabbar bai canza ba sosai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Red Deer Red Book
Ba don komai ba ake kiran jan barewa "sarakunan gandun daji". Wannan dabba ce mai girma da ƙarfi. Girman namiji baligi ya kasance daga 170 zuwa 210 cm a tsayi, tsayin dabba a bushewa yakai cm 127-148. Dabbar dabba ta manya tana da nauyin kilogiram 174 -209. Mata na wannan nau'in sun fi na maza ƙanana. Nauyin matsakaiciyar mace barewa daga kilogram 130 zuwa 162. Tsawon jiki daga 160 zuwa 200 cm. Tsayin babbar mace yakai 110-130 cm. animalsan shekaru weighan shekaru biyu masu nauyin kilogram 120. Manyan wannan nau'in suna da nauyin kilogram 170.
Red deer molt yana faruwa a lokacin bazara da kaka. Spring molt yana faruwa ne daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Yuni. Sabuntar ulu a kaka tana faruwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba, ya danganta da yanayin da dabbar take.
Bidiyo: Red barewa
Matsakaicin tsaran rayuwa a cikin yanayin halitta ya kai kimanin shekaru 17-18. A cikin bauta, dabbobi suna ɗan ɗan rayuwa, kimanin shekaru 24. Wani babban barewa yana da hakora 34 a cikin bakinsa. Daga ciki, hakora 20 suna kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi, 14 a babba. Cikakken saitin hakora da samuwar muƙamuƙi na faruwa a watanni 24 na rayuwa.
Deer yana da gashi mai kauri, launi na iya zama daban. Akan fatar barewar, ana sanya gashi masu rami, wanda ke kiyaye jikin dabba daga sanyi, kuma ya hana ta daskarewa koda a yanayi mai tsananin sanyi. Akwai abubuwan zubar jini da yawa a kafafun barewa, saboda haka, duk da cewa an rufe su da ulu da ulu, ba sa daskarewa. Reindeer zai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa derar digiri 60 a ma'aunin Celsius.
Ina jan barewa ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Caucasian jan barewa
Mazaunin jan barewa yana da girma. Deer yana rayuwa kusan a duk duniya. A cikin Rasha, waɗannan gandun daji ne na yankin tsakiyar ƙasar, Kaluga da Bryansk. Arewa, Yakutia da duk Jamhuriyar Sokh. Kolyma da Kamchatka. Yukren da Belarus, Baltics.
Kasashen waje sune Algeria, Morocco, Chile, Arewacin Afrika, Argentina. Deer kuma yana son ciyawar ciyawar New Zealand. Yawancin deer na wannan nau'in suna zaune a Alaska da Arewacin Amurka. Wannan nau'ikan yana iya jurewa da haɓakawa. Sabili da haka tana mamaye yankuna da yawa a duniya.
Jan barewa na zaune a cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu tare da mafi yawan itacen da ke yanke bishiyoyi. Deer ciyawar tsire-tsire ne, suna ciyar da abincin tsire-tsire, saboda haka suna rayuwa galibi inda za'a iya samun wannan abincin. A cikin 1781, gidan wannan nau'in dabbobi ya fara a Rasha.
Menene jan barewa ke ci?
Photo: Kirimiya ja barewa
Deer shuke-shuke ne masu tsire-tsire kuma suna cin abinci akan shuke-shuke. Abincin barewa ya hada da ciyayi masu ciyawa, lichen, da kuma ganyen bishiyoyi. Namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itatuwa, an cinye lichens. Dabbobin hatsi iri iri.
A lokacin hunturu, tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara, barewa na iya tono ganyen da ya faɗo daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙarar, ciyar da bishiyar matasa da bishiyoyi. Hakanan kirji da itacen ɓaure, ana cin goro. Iri-iri iri-iri. Deer yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, kuma suna iya jin ƙanshin abinci koda a ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara daga rabin mita zuwa kaurin mita.
Mutanen da ke zaune a Arewa da Tundra galibi ba su da furotin saboda abinci mai ɗimbin yawa. Yagel da mosses ba za su iya ba da duk abin da jikin dabba yake buƙata ba. Sabili da haka, barewa na iya cin ƙwai tsuntsaye, har ma da nasu ɓarnar da aka jefar.
Deer mai farauta ne kuma tsarin ciyarwar yana ɗaukar awanni 8. Barewa ba ta yin kiwo a yanayi mai zafi. Waɗannan su ne dabbobin dare. Bugu da kari, barewa ba sa son hayaniya, tana tsoratar da su. Da yamma, barewar tana zuwa makiyaya da wuraren kiwo inda take kiwo kusan duk daren, kuma kusa da safiya dabbar ta koma wurin zamanta, inda take hutawa kuma tana narkar da abinci.
Red barewa na da ikon yin ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci idan babu abinci a cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Reindeer yayi ƙaura cikin manyan garkunan dabbobi. A kowane bangare, ƙananan garken barewa suna taruwa a cikin babban garken. Irin wannan tarin yana samar da mai dawo da aminci da yawan rayuwa. Idan akwai matsala, barewa kuma sukan taru a garkame don kare kansu da juna. A gaban garken akwai shugaba, wanda ke lura da aminci. Reindeer na iya yin tafiya mai nisa kafin ya sami wurin neman abinci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Red deer a Rasha
Dabi'a, halaye na dabba da kuma tsarin rayuwa galibi sun dogara ne da inda dabbar take rayuwa. Dabbobin daji suna da rikici da tsoro. Suna buƙatar kare kansu da garken shanu daga masu farauta, don rayuwa a cikin mummunan yanayin yanayi. Yayin hijirar marainai, jin hayaniyar shugaban, yana da kyau mutane su tafi. Deer ba sa auka wa mutane, kodayake, ba za su ji tsoron kare kansu ba.
A cikin daji, barewar maza na iya rayuwa ita kaɗai, yayin da mata ke taruwa a ƙananan garken dabbobi. Garken mata sune mutane 4-7. Wani lokaci ƙananan garken ɗa namiji daya da mata da yawa tare da 'yan maruƙa suna haɗuwa. Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin mata da maza suna bayyana yayin lokacin saduwa. Yayinda ake saduwa, maza sukan zama masu zafin nama. Ka manta abinci da abinci ka nemi mace. Barewa a wannan lokacin na iya yin guduma da ƙaho ba kawai wani namiji ba, har ma da mace wacce ba ta ramawa.
Hakanan, barewar maza, ko dai cikin tsananin fushi, ko don 'yantar da kansu daga tururuwa masu nauyi, suna bugun bishiyoyi da ƙarfi da ƙahoninsu. A lokaci guda, ana jin ƙarar ƙarar daji da hargowar maza ta cikin daji.
Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu, maza galibi sukan cika kansu yayin saduwa kuma yawancinsu basa rayuwa a lokacin hunturu. Mafi yawan rayuwar barewa, kamar sauran dabbobi, ana cin su ne wurin neman abinci. Idan ana da buƙata ta musamman, barewa na iya zuwa gidajen mutane don neman abinci.
Red deer yana hulɗa da mutane. Harkar kiwon katako ta bunkasa sosai a Arewacin kasarmu da sauran kasashe. Mutum ya iya sarrafa dabba ba kawai, amma har ma ya sanya barewa ya zama mataimaki mai taimako. Kayayyakin jigilar kayayyaki, yin aiki tare cikin tawaga. A gona, ana ajiye jan barewa a ƙananan garken dabbobi. Deer a cikin gona yana zaune akan filin kiwo kyauta, suna buƙatar yankuna da yawa.
Reindeer yana da cikakkiyar dabara ta ƙaura game da ƙaura, gwargwadon yadda barewar cikin gida ke ƙaura, kodayake wannan ɗabi'ar ta duss da lokaci. An tayar da reinerer duka don amfanin gida da nama. Venison shine babban abincin mazauna Arewa da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Al'adun jama'a da haifuwa
Hotuna: Red deer
Jan barewa dabba ce ta garke. Sauƙin tuntuɓar wasu wakilan wannan nau'in, wanda ɗan adam ke kula da shi.
Babban halayen tsarin zamantakewar mai sakewa:
- barewa na iya rayuwa shi kadai;
- maza maza a lokacin rut suna haifar da hamsin mata; Adadin mata kusa da namiji daya na iya kaiwa mutane 20;
- mata a cikin rayuwar yau da kullun suna rayuwa daban da na maza, a cikin kananan garken tumaki;
- a lokacin ƙaura, garken garken duka suna yi wa shugaba biyayya. Canaura na iya faruwa a cikin tazarar gaskiya;
- barewa suna tafiya cikin sauri da iyo sosai.
Sake haifuwa da jan barewa
Wannan yakan faru ne a lokacin sanyi. Rut ɗin zai fara ne a watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba. Yayinda ake saduwa da juna, maza sukan rasa wayewarsu ta al'ada. Sun manta da aminci, abinci, sun zama masu zafin rai. Mace tana iya haifuwa tana da shekaru 2-3. Namiji yana da shekaru 5-7.
Tsarin jima'i a cikin barewa ba ya daɗewa. Yin jima'i yana faruwa a cikin 'yan sakan kaɗan. Ciki na jan jan barewa na kusan wata 8. Ciki yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da wahalar samun abinci, wanda yake da wahala sosai. Kuma yana matukar shafar jikin uwa. A lokacin bazara, ana haihuwar ɗayan wasu lokuta (amma da ƙyar) yara biyu. A haihuwa, fawn yana da nauyin kilo 7 zuwa 10.
Bayan ta haihu, sai fawn din ya kasance ba ya motsi a cikin ciyawa na kimanin mako guda, mahaifiya ta shayar da ɗanta da madara, sannan ta ciyar kusa da ɗan kuron. Don kare 'yan iska daga maharan. A lokacin hunturu na gaba, jariri zai daina shan madara kuma ya saba da abinci na yau da kullun. Red barewa tana kiyaye yayansu da garken duka. Rufe jarirai da jikinsu daga masu farauta yayin kai hari, ɓata cikin garken dabbobi.
Abokan gaba na jan barewa
Hotuna: Red deer daga littafin Red
Masu fasadi. Babban maƙiyan barewar daji tabbas masu farauta ne. Da farko dai, wadannan sune kerkeci. Barewa mata suna da rauni musamman a lokacin daukar ciki da ciyar da zuriyarsu, da kuma bayan hunturu. Lokacin da dabbobi suka gaji kuma basa iya gudu da sauri. Baya ga kerkeci, manyan makiya na barewa su ne raccoon da karnukan daji, dawakai, lynxes, manyan kuliyoyin Bengal, harza da beyar. Gudu daga masu farauta, barewa na iya hawa kololuwa, ɓoye a cikin ruwa.
Kwari. Makiya mara ganuwa. Baya ga masu farauta, barewa na iya fuskantar hare-haren kwari masu shan jini. A lokacin bazara, akwai kwari da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewa wanda yasa dabbobi suka tilasta yin kaura. Mutum. Kuma, tabbas, mafarauta da mafarauta suna da babban haɗari ga barewa. Deer nama wani muhimmin bangare ne na abincin mutum. A wasu wurare, ana ɗaukar farauta a matsayin babban abincin. Musamman ga mazaunan arewa, inda babu komai sai barewa, naman doki da kifi. An ba da izinin farautar barewa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red deer Russia
Matsayin nau'ikan Red deer a cikin Littafin Bayanai na Red shine "nau'ikan da ke da raunin rauni". Ba a ba da izinin farautar barewa a duk yankuna, kuma a wasu lokuta na shekara ba. Yawan jan barewa yana raguwa sosai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, saboda haka ana ba da izinin farautar dean watanni kawai a cikin shekara. Wannan yafi yawa lokacin kaka-hunturu.
A da, a garuruwan Yakutia na arewa da Taimyr, akwai yawan barewar da ta zama barazana ga rayuwar mutane. Deer ya kusanci yankunan da ke da yawan jama'a; a cikin hunturu, barewar daji tana da haɗari ga mutane. Bugu da kari, barewar ta cinye wasu nau'o'in tsirrai wadanda ba za su iya murmurewa ba.
Bayan lokaci, yawan barewar ya ragu sosai, don haka aka gabatar da wasu ƙuntatawa akan farauta. Kuma don dalilai na tattalin arziki da amfani, an shirya gonar kamun kifi, inda ake kiɗa barewa don bukatun ɗan adam.
Mai tsaron jan ido
Hotuna: Red deer
Matakan don adana yawan wannan nau'in:
- ƙirƙirar ajiyar halitta. Kirkirar wuraren da ake farautar kowane irin dabbobi. Kuma waɗannan wurare suna da kariya ta jihar.
- ƙuntatawa kan farautar irin wannan dabbobi. Ana ba da izinin farautar jan barewa kawai a lokacin kaka-lokacin hunturu, kuma ba a duk yankuna ba.
- ƙirƙirar gonakin kasuwanci don kiwon dabbobi. Ci gaban Arewa da mutum baya yiwuwa sai da noma. Shanu, awaki da sauran dabbobin ba za su iya dacewa da matsanancin yanayin Arewa ba, kuma don rage farautar farauta ba da gangan ba, an samar da gonakin kiwo na kiwo. Aikin noma na randan ya bunkasa ba kawai a kasarmu ba, har ma da kasashen waje.
Red barewa dabbobi ne masu dogon tarihi. Ofaya daga cikin mafiya juriya, mai ƙarfi kuma mai iya canza rayuwar rayuwar dabbobi. Dabbobi suna iya jure wa yanayin matsanancin yanayi na gaske. Deer yana iya haɗuwa tare da mutane cikin sauƙi, kuma yana amsawa da kyau ga horo.Maƙarƙashiya mai daraja - wannan babbar mu'ujiza ce ta yanayi, don haka bari mu kiyaye wannan kyakkyawan ra'ayi tare.
Ranar bugawa: 03.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 17:33
