Na dogon lokaci, akwai tatsuniyoyi da jita-jita da yawa game da wannan ƙataccen kifin da ke zaune a tekun kudu. Mutane, suka firgita da kamanninta da girmansu, suka bayyana kifin kifin whale a matsayin mummunan dodo mai kaɗaici daga cikin kogin abyss. Sai kawai bayan dogon lokaci ya zama cewa wannan mai farauta, duk da yanayinsa mai ban tsoro, ba shi da haɗari ko kaɗan. Amma, kifin whale har wa yau ya kasance ɗayan mafi ƙarancin kifaye a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Whale shark
Whale shark bai dauki idanun masu bincike ba na dogon lokaci, kuma a cikin 'yan bayanan da aka samu akwai karin zato fiye da gaskiya. A karo na farko, dabbar (samfurin mita 4.5, wanda aka samo daga Afirka ta Kudu) E. Smith ya bayyana a cikin 1828. A halin yanzu, wani kifin kifin whale shark yana cikin Paris. An kira nau'in halittun halittu nau'ikan Rhincodon. Kifin na dangin shark ne. A cikin girman, ya wuce ba kawai manyan takwarorinsu ba, har ma da wasu nau'ikan kifi.
Sunan "kifayen kifi" ya sami saboda girmansa da hanyar ciyarwar. Dangane da tsarin muƙamuƙan, dabbar tana kama da 'ya'yan cetas fiye da dangin shark. Dangane da tarihin biovid, tsoffin magabatan kifin whale shark sun rayu a zamanin Silurian, kimanin shekaru miliyan 440-410 da suka gabata. Dangane da hasashe mafi yaduwa, placoderms ya zama kakannin kakan-kifin irin kifin shark: na ruwa ko na ruwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Fushin Whale Shark
Yana da wahala a gauraya kifin kifin whale tare da sauran wakilan masarautar dabbobi. Dalilin shi ne, ban da girman girmansa, yana da wasu siffofin waje:
- Jiki mai ƙarfi wanda aka lulluɓe da fata mai kauri tare da ƙananan ma'auni. Fata a cikin yankin yana da ɗan siriri, don haka a cikin haɗari mai haɗari kifayen na ƙoƙarin ɓoye wani wuri mai rauni, ta juya baya ga abokan gaba.
- Ya ɗan ɗan ɗan kaɗan, wanda aka ɗan lankwasa kansa, wanda ya juye ya zama madaidaicin bakin tare da bakinsa mai faɗi (kusan mita ɗaya da rabi). Bakin yana cikin tsakiyar hancinsa. Wannan wani takamaiman fasalin ne wanda ke rarrabe wannan kifin kifin da sauran membobin dangin (bakinsu yana cikin rabin rabin bakin muzzle).
- Bayan kai, a gefunan jiki, akwai guntun gill guda biyar. Suna aiki ne kamar nau'in sieve wanda yake barin ruwa ya ratsa ta. Ta cikin kwazazzabai suna fitowa kuma kifin ba zai iya hadiyewa ba.
- Idanun kanana ne, masu zurfin-kafa. Ko da a cikin manyan mutane, diamita na ƙwallon ido bai wuce 50 mm ba. Suna kusa da bakin bakin. Whale sharks ba su da membran membranes. Koyaya, idan akwai haɗari, idanuwansu suna kutsawa cikin kewayar kuma ana rufe su sosai tare da ninkewar fata.
- Matsakaicin fadin jiki yana tsaye kai tsaye a bayan kai. A hankali a hankali yake takawa zuwa jela.
- Kifayen kifayen kifayen kifi suna da fika-fikai dorsal 2, an ɗan sauya matsuguni. Na farko ya fi girma girma kuma ya fi na biyu girma, a cikin siffar alwatika mai kusan kusantowa. Arshen wutsiya na sharks masu tsayin mita goma sha biyu ya kai 5 m, kuma fin ɗin pectoral 2.5 m.
- Hakoran kanana ne sosai. Koda a cikin kifi mafi girma, basu wuce cm 0.6 ba Amma adadin hakora suna da girma ƙwarai (kusan dubu 15). Saboda haka sunan Latin na dabba - Rhincodon, fassarar ma'anarta shine "cizon haƙora."
Na dogon lokaci, an yi amannar cewa matsakaicin tsawon wakilan wannan nau'in ya kai kimanin mita 12.7. Amma, a cewar wasu kafofin, dabbobi sun kai girma. A karshen karnin da ya gabata, bayanan da aka nada a rubuce sun bayyana game da daidaikun mutane masu tsawon mita 20, wadanda nauyinsu ya kai tan 34. Amma, irin wannan colossi abu ne mai wuya ko da a tsakanin kifayen kifayen kifi. A matsakaici, tsayinsu ya kusan mita 9.7, tare da nauyin kusan tan 9. Daga cikin dukkan kifayen da ke duniyar, sune zakara a girma.
Launin kifin yana da halayyar gaske. Bayan fuska da gefe na jiki launin toka ne mai duhu. Wannan yanayin yana motsawa tare da rawaya mai tsayi ko fari-fari da kuma masu gangara. A tsakãninsu akwai alamun inuw samewi guda, mai zagaye. Kan da firam din fuka-fukan suna da tabo iri daya, sau da yawa kuma a sarari yake. Ciki mai ruwan toka ne. A kan fata daga fika-fikai da jiki akwai halayyar raɗaɗɗen rami wanda ya haɗu zuwa sifa ɗaya. Yanayin "tsarin" ga kowane mutum na musamman ne. Tare da shekaru, ba ya canzawa; ta hanyar bayyanar abin kwaikwayon, ana iya gane ɗaya ko wata kifi.
A ina ne kifin kifin whale yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Yaya kifin kifin whale yake
Kifayen kifayen Whale suna rayuwa a cikin tekuna masu zafi, tare da yanayin zafin ruwa na digiri 21-26. Ba za a iya samun ƙattai masu jinkiri sama da na arba'in ba. Wannan bashi da yawa saboda yanayin yanayin ruwan teku, kamar yadda suke son abincin su. Tabbas, yana cikin ruwa mai ɗumi cewa an sami katako mai yawa - abincin da aka fi so da waɗannan kifin.
Matsakaicin kifin whale ya faɗaɗa zuwa yankuna masu zuwa:
- Ruwan teku kusa da Seychelles.
- Yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Madagascar da yankin kudu maso gabashin Afirka. An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 20% na jimlar yawan waɗannan kifayen suna rayuwa a cikin ruwan Tekun Indiya kusa da Mozambique.
- Ana samun yawan kifayen kifin Whale a kusa da Ostiraliya, Chile, Tsibirin Philippine da Tekun Mexico.
Menene kifin kifin Whale yake ci?
Hotuna: Babban kifin kifin whale
Kamar sauran nau'o'in kifayen kifin kifin, wannan kifin yana daga cikin nau'ikan masu cin naman daji. Koyaya, mutum baya iya kushe ta saboda zubar jini. Duk da fitowar sa mai ban tsoro da kuma rashin sunan Latin mai tsoratarwa, kifin whale "cizon haƙora" yana ciyar da zooplankton da ƙananan kifin makaranta (ƙaramin tuna, mackerel, sardines, anchovies) Wannan kifin baya amfani da hakoransa wajen tauna abin da yake ci, sai dai don hana shi kubuta daga katon bakinsa. Watau, waɗannan ba dutsen niƙa ne don nika abinci ba, amma wani nau'in "makullai" don kulle shi.
Kamar balan whales, shark “yana kiwo” na dogon lokaci. Wateraukar ruwa a bakinta, tana fitar da plankton. Kifin yana rufe bakinsa, kuma ruwan yana fitowa ta cikin matatar matattara. Don haka, kawai mazaunan tekun da suka sami damar kutsawa cikin kunkuntar hancin kifin (diamitarsa ya kai 100 mm kawai) suka rage a cikin bakin kifin. Don samun isasshe, kifin whale dole ne ya kashe kimanin awa 8-9 a rana kan abinci. Na tsawon awa ɗaya, yana ratsa raƙuman ruwa kimanin mita dubu 6 na ruwan teku. Wani lokaci ƙananan dabbobi sukan toshe matatun. Don share su, kifin "ya share makogwaronsa". A lokaci guda, abincin da ke makale a zahiri yana tashi daga bakin dabba.
Stomacharfin ciki na kifayen kifin kifi kifi kusan 0.3 m3 ne. Kifin yana ciyar da wani ɓangare na kamun don riƙe ƙimar makamashi. Ana adana wani adadi na abinci a cikin wani sashi na musamman na ciki azaman ajiya. Wani ɓangare na abubuwan gina jiki an ajiye su a cikin hanta ta dabba - wani nau'in ma'ajin makamashi. Ana iya kiran wannan ajiyar "ranar ruwa" Hantar kifin kifin whale ba shi da kaɗan, kuma bai dace da “shawagi” don riƙe babban jiki mai nauyi a cikin layin ruwan ba. Waɗannan kifayen ba su da mafitsara. Don mafi kyawun buoyancy, dabbar tana haɗiye iska, tana sakewa lokacin da ta nitse cikin zurfin teku.
Dangane da binciken da masana kimiyyar dabbobi na Jafananci suka yi, abincin na kifin kifi whale ya ɗan bambanta da yadda ake tsammani. Baya ga abincin dabbobi, wanda babu shakka ya samar da tushen menu, suna ciyar da algae, kuma, idan ya cancanta, zasu iya fama da yunwa. Kifi “da sauri” galibi yayin ƙaura daga tushen abinci zuwa wani. Tare da karancin abinci na yau da kullun, kifin whale na ɗan lokaci yana wadatar da "cin abinci" mai cin ganyayyaki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Babban kifin shark
Yawancin masanan kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar fata suna ɗaukan kifayen kifayen kifayen fata masu natsuwa, salama da jinkirin halittu. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, dabbar tana zama kusa da fuskar ruwa, amma wani lokacin yakan shiga zurfin mita 700. Kifin yana yin iyo a cikin wata ƙasa kaɗan - kusan kilomita 5 a h, kuma wani lokacin ma yana da ƙasa. Tana aiki kusan kowane lokaci, tare da ɗan gajeren bacci.
Wannan nau'in kifin na kifin kifin 'shark' ba shi da wani hadari ga 'yan Adam. Masu ruwa iri iri suna amfani da wannan kuma ba kawai suna kusa da kifi ba, amma suna hawa akan su. Koyaya, mutanen da suka ji rauni na iya zama haɗari. Blowara wutsiya ɗaya ya isa ya kashe mutum ko lalata ƙaramin jirgin ruwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Whale shark
Kifayen kifin Whale sun kaɗaita ko kuma suna rayuwa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Babban adadin ɗaruruwan mutane ba safai ba. An yi rikodin babban garken manyan kattai na teku (mutane 420) a cikin watan Agusta 2009 kusa da Yankin Yucatan. Wataƙila, sun sami sha'awa ne ta sabbin kayan kwalliyar mackerel, waɗanda ƙattai ke jin daɗinsu da farin ciki. Lokacin balaga ga kifin whale ya yi tsawo sosai. Tare da tsawon rai na shekaru 70-100, a shirye yake ya sake haifuwa yana da shekaru 30-35, wani lokacin a shekaru 50. Tsawon mutumin da ya manyanta ya fara daga 4.5 zuwa 5.6 m (a cewar wasu kafofin, 8-9 m). Tsawon jikin mazan da suka manyanta kusan 9 m ne.
Babu cikakken bayani kan adadin tsakanin mata da maza a cikin yawan. Nazarin garken kifi kusa da gabar yammacin Australia (Ningaloo Reef Marine Reserve), masana kimiyya sun gano cewa yawan mata a cikin adadin dabbobin da aka lura bai wuce 17% ba. Koyaya, wannan bayanin baza'a iya kiran sa da amintaccen ɗari bisa ɗari ba, tunda kifayen kifayen kifin suna amfani da wannan yankin ba don haifuwa ba, amma don ciyarwa. Dabbar na daga cikin nau'ikan kifin mai gishiri mai kama danshi. Don wani lokaci, ana kiran kifin kifin whale oviparous, saboda an samo ƙwai tare da amfrayo a cikin mahaifar wata mace da aka kama a gaɓar tekun Ceylon. Tsawon da nisa daga amfrayo daya a cikin kwanton ya kai mita 0.6 da 0.4, bi da bi.
Mace mai mita 12 za ta iya daukar amfrayo 300 a lokaci guda. Kowane tayi an killace shi a cikin kwaya mai siffar kwai. Sabon kifin shark yana da tsayi mita 0.4-0.5. Bayan haihuwa, jaririn yana da 'yancin kansa kuma mai yiwuwa. Yana barin jikin mahaifiya tare da wadatattun kayan abubuwa wadanda zasu bashi damar neman abinci tsawon lokaci. Akwai sanannen lamari lokacin da aka cire ɗan maraƙi daga mahaifar mace da aka kama. An sanya shi a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya ji daɗi sosai, kuma ya fara ɗaukar abinci kawai a ranar 17. Tsawon lokacin daukar ciki shekaru 1.5-2 ne. A lokacin ɗaukar ɗa, ana kiyaye mace ita kaɗai.
Abokan gaba na kifayen kifin whale
Hotuna: Giant whale shark
Baya ga babban makiyi - mutum - waɗannan ƙattai suna fuskantar hari ta marlin da sharks masu launin shuɗi. Manyan fararen kifin kifaye suna tare da su. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, samari sune mafiya haɗari ga masu farauta, amma hare-hare akan kifin manya da yawa suma suna faruwa. A takaice, kifin whale bashi da kariya daga masu cin karensa babu babbaka. Leatherarfin fata mai nauyi da sikeli ba koyaushe yakan tseratar da kai daga abokan gaba ba. Wannan babban launi bashi da wata hanyar kariya. Hakanan an adana kifayen kifin Whale da gaskiyar cewa fatar tana da ƙwarewa ta musamman don sabuntawa. Kifin yana da kuzari sosai, raunukan suna warkewa da sauri. Wannan shine daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa gattai suka iya rayuwa har zuwa yau, kusan canzawa tsawon shekaru miliyan 60.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya kifin kifin whale yake
Adadin kifayen kifin kifi kadan ne. A cewar wasu rahotanni, jimillar wadannan kifayen a doron duniya sun kai kimanin mutane 1,000. Babban abin da ya haifar da raguwar dabbobi sosai shi ne kamewar da aka yi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Tsibirin Philippine da Taiwan, inda nama, hanta da kifayen kifin kifi na cikin tsada. Wadannan kifin ma an hallaka su saboda wadatattun kayan abinci masu man kifin na shark. Rage yawan dabbobi kuma an sauƙaƙa shi da gaskiyar cewa masunta na ƙoƙarin kama manyan mutane (kuma waɗannan, galibi, mata ne). Wadannan yan kwanciyar hankali yanada matukar sauki ganima. Wani lokaci dabba mai kasala, kusan ba ta iya motsi, ta faɗi ƙarƙashin sandunan jirgi masu motsi.
Dangane da matsayin ƙasashen duniya, an rarraba kifin whale azaman nau'in haɗari (tun daga 2016, a baya an ayyana shi a matsayin "mai rauni") Har zuwa shekara ta 2000, an lissafa matsayin dabbobi a matsayin "mara tabbas", tunda babu wadataccen bayani game da jinsin halittar. Tun daga shekaru 90 na karnin da ya gabata, kasashe da dama suka hana kama wadannan kifin.
Whale shark kariya
Hotuna: Whale shark
Duk da karancin adadi, katon kifin ya sami rarrabuwa a al'adun mutanen gabashin. Misali, masunta na kasar Japan da Vietnam sun gamsu cewa haduwa da kifin kifi whale - allahn teku mai kyau - kyakkyawan fata ne. Duk da cewa cin abincin teku shine tushen abincin yawancin mutanen waɗannan ƙasashe, Jafananci da Vietnam ba sa cin naman kifin kifin kifin whale don abinci. Sunan Vietnamese na wannan dabba yana da fassara ta zahiri: "Babbar Kifi".
Whale sharks na da mahimmancin gaske ga kasuwancin yawon buɗe ido. Yawon shakatawa ya shahara sosai lokacin da masu yawon buɗe ido ke kallon waɗannan kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa daga jirgin. Kuma wasu jaruntaka suna yin iyo a gabansu tare da ruwa. Irin waɗannan balaguron shakatawa suna shahara a Mexico, Seychelles, Caribbean da Maldives, Ostiraliya. Tabbas, irin wannan karin hankalin daga mutane baya taimakawa wajen karuwar yawan wadannan kifaye, wanda ke kara raguwa. Yakamata 'yan yawon bude ido su nisanta da su, ba wai don dalilai na aminci ba, amma kuma don kada su lalata lakar da ke bayan fata wacce ke kare fatar dabbobi daga kananan kwayoyin cuta. Ana kokarin kiyaye wadannan sharks din a tsare.
Gwajin farko ya faro ne daga 1934. Ba a sanya kifin a cikin akwatin kifaye ba. Wani sashe na katanga na musamman daga bay ya zama mataimaki na (Tsibirin Jafananci. Kifin ya rayu tsawon kwanaki 122. A tsakanin shekarun 1980-1996, an tsare mafi yawan waɗannan dabbobin a cikin fursunoni a Japan - 16. Daga cikin waɗannan, mata 2 da maza 14. Okinawa Oceanarium na gida ne ga namiji mai mita 4.6, mafi girma daga cikin kifayen kifayen da ake kama, kuma kifin da aka kama a kusa da Okinawa ya dogara ne da jatan teku (krill), ƙaramin squid da ƙananan kifi.
Tun 2007, sharks 2 (3.7 da 4.5 m) waɗanda aka kama kusa da Taiwan suna cikin Georgia Atlanta Aquarium (Amurka). Capacityarfin akwatin kifaye don waɗannan kifin ya fi 23,00 m3. Mutumin da aka ajiye shi a cikin wannan akwatin kifaye ya mutu a 2007. Kwarewar masana kimiyyar Taiwan game da kiyaye kifayen kifayen whale ba su da nasara. Shark ɗin sun mutu sau biyu jim kaɗan bayan sanya su a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma kawai a cikin 2005 ƙoƙarin ya yi nasara. Zuwa yau, akwai kifayen kifin whale 2 a cikin Aquarium na Taiwan. Ofayansu, mace mai mita 4.2, ba ta da tarar bayan fage. Da dukkan alamu, ta sha wahala daga masunta ko kuma haƙoran mai farauta. Tun lokacin rani na 2008, ana ajiye samfurin mita 4 a cikin akwatin kifaye a Dubai (ƙarar tafkin shine dubu 11 m3). Ana ciyar da kifin da krill, ma'ana, abincin su bai bambanta da "menu" na baleen whales ba.
Abin takaici, yawan kifayen kifayen kifi a doron kasa yana raguwa. Babban dalili kuwa shi ne farautar dabbobi, duk da cewa an hana kamun kifi a kasashe da yawa. Bugu da kari, wadannan ba wai kawai su ne mafi girma ba, amma kuma watakila mafi karancin kifin da aka karanta a duniya. Yawancin rayuwarsu suna shafewa nesa da bakin teku, don haka nazarin waɗannan dabbobin yana haifar da wasu matsaloli. Whale shark yana buƙatar taimakonmu. Ingantaccen fahimtar halayyar su, kayan abinci mai gina jiki da ƙayyadadden ilimin halitta zai ba da damar haɓaka ingantattun matakai don kiyaye waɗannan maɗaukakun halittu a matsayin halittu.
Ranar bugawa: 31.01.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 21:22
