Kogin ruwa, wanda kuma aka fi sani da perch perch (Perca fluviatilis), kifi ne na jinsi na ɗanɗano mai raɗaɗin ruwa da dangin dangi (Percidae). Wakilan oda Perciformes ana rarrabe su da yanayin su kuma suna yadu a cikin ruwa mai kyau na duniyar mu.
Bayanin kwandon ruwa
Babban bambancin rafin kogin shine:
- wurin da kashin keɓaɓɓu a gaban farkon vertebra tare da tsarin jijiyoyi;
- babban adadin haskoki da ke cikin fika;
- babban adadin gill stamens;
- ƙananan elongated jiki;
- kasancewar ratsiyoyi masu ratsa duhu;
- farkon dorsal fin;
- wuri mai duhu a ƙarshen fin na farko;
- ƙananan elongated ƙananan muƙamuƙi;
- ma'auni da yawa a cikin layin gefe;
- adadi mai yawa na kashin baya.
Sau da yawa ana iya samun Perch a cikin ayyukan shahararrun mashahurai, kuma masu zane suna nuna waɗannan kifin a cikin zane-zanen da aka shahara.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ana amfani da tambura mai ɗauke da hoton fastoci kuma sanannu ne sosai, kuma a wasu biranen Finland da Jamus ana samun wannan kifin a kan alamar.
Bayyanar
Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, matsakaiciyar tsaran balagaggun kogin a cikin yanayin yanayi bai wuce 45-50 cm ba, tare da nauyin jiki 2.0-2.1 kg... Wasu ɗaiɗaikun mutane suna da ƙarfin isa girman girma. Matsakaicin girman masu wakiltar balagaggun halittun ruwa na Freshwater a cikin kowane keɓaɓɓen jikin ruwa na iya bambanta sosai.
Perch yana da jiki mai matse kaikaice, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙananan ƙananan sikeli. Jikin perch yana dauke da launuka masu launin kore-launin rawaya tare da kasancewar ratsiyoyi masu launin baƙar fata a gefen, lambar ta na iya bambanta tsakanin tara. Yankin ciki na perch fari ne. Perches yana da ƙananan ƙafafun dorsal waɗanda suke kusa da juna. Finarshen fin na farko ya fi na biyu tsayi kuma ya fi na biyu girma, farawa nan da nan sama da asalin fin fin ko kuma kaɗan a gabansa.
Akwai tabo na baƙar fata a ƙarshen ɓangaren farko na ƙwanƙolin dorsal, wanda shine keɓaɓɓiyar sifa ce ta jinsin ɓarna. Abubuwan da suka fi kifi yawa a jikin firam din sun fi gajarta kadan. Farkon dorsal fin launin ruwan toka ne, kuma na biyu na bayan fatar koren-rawaya ne. Fitsarin fati da na tsaka suna rawaya, wani lokacin ja. Fashin ciki na pelvic launuka ne masu haske tare da jan ja mai haske. Fushin caudal koyaushe yana da launi mai duhu a gindin kuma tare da jan launi a ƙarshen ko a gefen.
Babban balaguron mutum yana da halin hancin toho, da kasancewar sanannen ɗan ƙarami amma a bayan kai. Babban muƙamin na sama yakan kare ne a layin tsaye na tsakiyar idanun.
Iris rawaya ne a launi. Boneashin operculum a cikin ɓangaren na sama an rufe shi da sikeli, wanda a wani lokacin ma akwai kashin baya biyu tare da wani preoperculum mai aiki. Hakoran haɗarin na bristly ne, an shirya su a sahu a kan ƙasusuwan palatine da muƙamuƙi. Canines basu cika kasancewa ko da a cikin manya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Babban alamun dimorphism na rafin kogi sune manyan sikeli akan layi na layin jikin namiji, da yawa daga ratsin wuta a doron fin na biyu, da karamin jiki da manyan idanu.
Meman reshen reshen wakilan jinsin ba su da haɗuwa da juna. Gaba daya an rufe kunci da sikeli, kuma babu sikeli a cikin yankin caudal fin. A cikin soya, sikelin suna da taushi, amma yayin da suka girma, suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai. A farkon ɓangaren ɓangaren hanji na ɓarna, akwai hanyoyin makanta a cikin tsarin abubuwan hawa na pyloric. Hantar kifin tana da wakilci a sassa biyu, kuma gallbladder babba ne.
Salon rayuwa, hali
A lokacin rani, ƙananan raƙuman ruwa sun fi son koguna ko bishiyoyi waɗanda ciyawar ciyawar ruwa ta mamaye su. A wannan lokacin, manyan dabbobi suna kafa ƙananan makarantu har zuwa kifi goma. Perungiyoyin matasa suna yin garken tumaki, wanda yawansu yakan kai ɗaruruwan mutane. Perch yayi ƙoƙari ya kasance kusa da lalata madatsun ruwa, kusa da manyan daskararru ko manyan duwatsu. Saboda kasancewar launin koren kariya mai karewa, masu cin ganyayyaki suna samun nasarar farautar ƙananan kifi daga kwanto, wanda yake tsakanin ciyayi na cikin ruwa.
Manyan wakilan jinsunan suna rayuwa a cikin sassan ruwa mai zurfin gaske, gami da guguwa da ramuka... Daga waɗannan wuraren ne wuraren da ke yin farauta da yamma da safe. Matsakaicin saurin da wannan kifin yake iya haɓakawa shine 0.66 m / s. Fisharamar kifi sun fi son farautar makaranta, amma manyan mutane kawai ke kama farautar su kaɗai. Kogin yana amfani da hanyar farauta mai tsananin karfi, wanda ya hada da neman aiki sosai na farautarsa tare da yawan tsalle sama koda a saman ruwa. Wasu lokuta kifayen da ke farauta sukan wuce da su ta hanyar neman su, tsallaka ƙasa ko bakin teku cikin zafin farautar farauta. Yayin aiwatar da farmaki ga ganimar, ƙarshen doki na ɓarkewar halayyar ɗabi'a.
Kogunan ruwa suna cikin rukunin masu farauta da rana wadanda suke farauta kawai a lokutan rana, amma tare da aiki mafi girma a iyakar dare da lokutan dare. A farkon dare, aikin mai farauta yana raguwa ƙwarai da gaske. Babban abubuwan da ke shafar aiki da haɓakar haɓakar perch suna wakiltar tsarin yanayin zafin jiki na ruwa, da kuma tsawon tsawon lokacin hasken rana, yawan iskar oxygen da tsarin abinci.
A cikin ruwa mai zurfin gaske a lokacin bazara, har ma da manyan bishiyoyi suna ƙoƙari su tsaya a zurfin zurfin ƙasa, sun fi son wuraren da raguwar matakan oxygen yake da rauni sosai. Tabbatarwa a kimiyyance gaskiyar cewa thermocline yana da tasirin gaske akan tsaye tsaye na kifaye masu farauta daga Yuli zuwa farkon kaka. A lokacin bazara, wakilan jinsin suna iya yin gajeren kaura don samun nauyin jiki. Tare da farkon lokacin hunturu, bishiyoyi suna komawa cikin rafuka tare da mafi kyawun yanayi don nishaɗi.
A lokacin kaka, duk wakilan halittar ruwa da dangin dangi suna taruwa cikin manyan garken tumaki, suna yin kaura zuwa wuraren da suka bude da zurfi. A cikin tafkunan ruwa na yanayi a lokacin hunturu, kifaye masu cin karensu ba babbaka a yankunan da ke makwabtaka da bakin kogi.
A lokacin sanyi, bishiyoyi suna tsayawa kusa da ƙasan, a zurfin mita 60-70. A lokacin hunturu, perch shima yana aiki ne kawai lokacin hasken rana.
Har yaushe raƙuman ruwa ke rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar rayuwar kogin, a matsayinka na mai mulki, bai wuce shekaru goma sha biyar ba, amma wasu samfuran galibi suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru rubu'in karni. Kogin Karelian ya zama sananne ga irin wannan kifin mai tsawon rai. A lokaci guda, maza suna iya rayuwa ƙasa da mata.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kogin kogi ya yadu kusan a ko'ina kuma yana rayuwa a cikin rafuka da dama da yawa a yankin ƙasarmu, ba a cikin Kogin Amur kawai, da kuma raƙuman ruwa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ana iya samun wannan mai cin abincin ruwa a matsakaici zuwa manyan tafkunan. Ba a samun wakilai na jinsin ruwa mai tsafta da dangin dangi a cikin rafuka da rafuka masu sanyi, haka kuma a cikin kogunan tsaunuka masu sauri... Perch kuma yana zaune cikin yankunan bakin teku na teku, ciki har da Gulf of Finland da Riga na Tekun Baltic. A irin waɗannan wuraren ne yawancin masunta na wasanni ke kama wuraren shakatawa a lokacin rani da hunturu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A halin yanzu, akwai jinsin 'yan lu'u-lu'u guda biyu wadanda aka same su tare: karami da sannu a hankali "ciyawa" perch, da kuma saurin girma kuma mafi girma "zurfin" perch.
Ruwan ruwa na gama gari yana yaduwa a cikin yawancin ruwa mai yawa a Arewacin Asiya da Turai, wanda aka gabatar zuwa ƙasashen Afirka, New Zealand da Ostiraliya. A baya, an hada jikin ruwa da yawa a Arewacin Amurka kuma a cikin mazaunin wannan kifin mai farauta, amma wani lokaci da ya wuce masana ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa Arewacin Amurka yana da wani nau'in jinsin da ake kira Yellow Perch.
Kogin bass abinci
Tun da wuraren kogin suna cikin yanayi mara motsi a cikin dare, irin waɗannan masu cin abincin ruwa suna yawanci ciyarwa da rana. Sau da yawa sosai yayin kamun kifi da asuba, ana iya fantsama ruwa harma da kananan kifayen da suke fitowa zuwa farfajiyar. Wannan shine yadda kogin da yake rashi, wanda aka ɗauka ba shi da son rai ta fuskar abinci da ƙoshin lafiya, ke jagorantar farautarsa. Masana kimiyya sunyi baki daya game da daidaitaccen abincin na perch. Irin wannan tsuntsaye mai cin abincin ruwa yana ciyar da akasari akan:
- kananan kifi da dabbobi matasa;
- caviar sauran mazaunan ruwa mai tsabta;
- kifin kifi;
- kwadi;
- zooplankton;
- larvae na kwari iri-iri;
- tsutsotsi na ruwa.
Matsayin mai mulkin, abincin wakilan jinsin kai tsaye ya dogara da halayen shekarunsa da lokacin shekara. A matakin farko na ci gaba, samari sun fi son zama a ƙasan, inda suke ci gaba da ciyar da ƙananan plankton.
Koyaya, yayin da suka kai tsawon 2-6 cm, ƙananan kifi, waɗanda suke nasu da wasu nau'ikan, ana fara cin su da ƙoshin kogi. Perch ba sa iya kula da zuriyar su sosai, kuma saboda wannan dalilin na iya ciyar da smalleran uwansu mata ba tare da matsala ba.
Manyan wakilai daga jinsunan galibi suna kusa da gabar teku, inda suke ciyar da kifin kifi, verkhovka, roach da caviar na sauran mazaunan ruwan. Tsoffin kogin manya sune masu farautar dabbobin da zasu iya kai hari ga kayan abincin na gaba tun kafin a hadiye abincin da ya gabata. Chesunƙun ruwa masu girman gaske na iya yiwa kansu daɗi har ka iya ganin wutsiyar kifin da ya hadiye yana fitowa daga bakinsu.
Wannan ya isa! Sau da yawa, ana samun algae da ƙananan duwatsu a cikin cikin ciki na jinsin halittar ruwa mai raɗaɗi da dangin perch, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don narkar da kifi da kyau.
Tushen abincin mai cin ruwa na ruwa yawanci ana wakiltar shi ne daga ɗan sanda mai rauni, ƙarami, kifin kifi, da gobies, kifin kuruciya da ƙananan yara... Dangane da rashin ingancinsu, ana iya kwatanta irin waɗannan mazaunan kogin koda tare da wani balagagge mai farauta. Koyaya, perch galibi yafi karfin pike ta hanyoyi da yawa, kamar yadda suke ciyarwa da yawa sau da yawa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Ruwan kogin yana balaga ne kawai da lokacin da ya kai shekaru biyu ko uku, kuma irin waɗannan masu ɓarkewar ruwa suna ƙaura zuwa filayen da ake samun masu haihuwa, suna tara cikin manyan garken. Tsarin ɓarkewar yanayi yana faruwa a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙan ruwa ko cikin jikin ruwa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa ya kasance cikin kewayon 7-15game daDAGA.
Eggswai da ƙwai da maza suka haɗu suna haɗe da nau'ikan jujjuyawar ruwa, da saman rassan da ambaliyar ruwa ta yi, ko kuma tushen tushen ciyawar bakin teku. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, kamawar ƙwai yana kama da wani nau'i na zaren lace har tsawon mita, wanda ya kunshi dubu 700-800 ba manyan kwai ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Perch kifi ne mai halaye masu ɗanɗano, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa akwai yiwuwar yin kiwo na wucin gadi na wannan mai cin ruwa mai amfani da kayan aiki na musamman.
Redfish toya ƙyanƙyashe cikin kimanin makonni uku zuwa huɗu. A cikin watannin farko na rayuwa, ana amfani da plankton na bakin teku a matsayin abinci, kuma idan suka kai girman 10 cm, sai su zama masu farauta. Duk wani nau'ikan ruwa da ke cikin ruwa yana cikin jinsin halittu masu rai, kuma mace mai irin wannan matsalar a lokacin saduwa tana iya share kusan miliyan biyu na soya, wanda ya tashi sama ya kuma ciyar da shi daidai da na kananan yara.
Makiya na halitta
Abokan gaba na kogin ƙauye sune manyan mazaunan ruwa, waɗanda pike, kifayen kifi, pike perch, kifin kifi, burbot da eel suka wakilta..
Sau da yawa ana farautar Perch ta loons, osprey, gulls da terns. Perch ɗayan shahararrun abubuwa ne na kamun kifi na gida da na waje, sabili da haka, babban abokin gaba ga irin wannan mai cin abincin ruwan yana mutum ne.
Ga masu cin abinci, cin naman mutane halayya ce, wanda ya zama ruwan dare musamman a lokacin kaka, amma a wasu wuraren tafki na halitta waɗanda ke zaune ne kawai ta irin wannan mai cin abincin kogin, tsarin cin naman mutane al'ada ce ta rayuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A yankin yawancin ƙasashe, ba a ɗauka na kowa ko rafin kogi a matsayin jinsin kariya, kuma a yau akwai wasu ƙuntatawa a kansa waɗanda aka ɗora gaba ɗaya kan kama duk wani kifin ruwa. Iyakokin kamawa na iya bambanta da mahimmanci, koda a cikin ƙasa ɗaya. Misali, a cikin Wales da Ingila, yanzu akwai takunkumi da yawa na lokaci-lokaci kan kamun kifi, kuma a wasu kasashen, tilas ne a sake sakin layukan da basu kai karfin doka ba a raye cikin matattarar ruwa. A lokaci guda, yawan adadin rafin kogin na iya bambanta sosai a jikin ruwa daban-daban.
Darajar kasuwanci
Perch sanannen abu ne mai mahimmanci game da kamun kifi na nishaɗi, amma a cikin wasu ɗakunan ruwa na halitta ana girmama shi sosai a fagen kasuwanci kuma ana kama shi ta hanyar ratse. Naman wannan mai cin abincin ruwa yana da dadi sosai, ana amfani dashi a cikin hayaki, daskararre, gishiri da sauran nau'ikan. Ana amfani da Hornbeam, beech, alder, maple, oak, ash da wasu bishiyoyi masu fruita fruitan itace don shan sigari. Hakanan ana amfani da perch na yau da kullun don shirye-shiryen shahararrun kifin gwangwani da fillets masu gina jiki.
