Masana ilmin namun daji sun san shi kamar jan panda, wannan mai jan wuta mai haske ya kai girman katuwar kyan gani kuma ya yi kama da beraye fiye da katuwar panda. Kuma wannan na dabi'a ne: na karshen yana wakiltar jinsin manyan pandas ne, kuma na farkon shine irin na kananan pandas.
Bayanin jan Panda
Firayim Ministan Indiya Jawaharlal Nehru na matukar son karamar Panda, kuma ambaton farko na "hon ho" ko "fox na wuta" (wannan shine yadda suke kiranta a Daular Celestial) ya bayyana a karni na 13. Turawa sun sami labarin wanzuwar jan panda ne kawai a cikin karni na 19 saboda Frederic Cuvier, wanda ya riski Baturen Ingila Thomas Hardwick, wanda ya gan ta a gaban Faransawa.
Amma Cuvier shine farkon wanda ya dawo Turai kuma ya sami damar sanya maigidan sunan Latin wanda ake kira Ailurus fulgens, wanda aka fassara shi da "kyanwa mai haske" (wanda yake kusa da gaskiya). Sunan Panda na zamani ya koma Nepalese poonya (punya).
Bayyanar
Dangane da girma, jar panda tana kama da kyanwa ta gida wacce ta ci kusan kilogram 4-6 tare da tsawon jiki 0.51-0.64 m da wutsiya mai kusan rabin mita.... Tana da tsayayyen jiki wanda yake lulluɓe da gashi mai kauri da tsayi, wanda ya sa panda ta zama kamar ta kumbura fiye da yadda take. Pananan panda yana da faɗin kai mai ƙananan kunnuwa, yana juya zuwa madaidaicin bakin abin kaifi mai ƙyalli tare da idanu masu duhu masu haske. Na waje na maza da mata daya ne. An kawata jela mai kauri da kauri da yawa (har zuwa 12) zobba masu haske masu ratsawa a bango mai duhu.
Afusussan da gajeru ba su da ƙarfi, suna ƙare da ƙafa mai gashi, an daidaita su don yin tafiya a kan kankara da ƙanƙara. Lokacin tafiya, ƙafafun, wanda yatsun kafa suke ɗauke da ƙafafun farce masu sanɗaɗɗiyar juzu'i (ana iya jan su da ƙarfi), taɓa ƙasa kawai rabin. Mai farauta yana da abin da ake kira da yatsar kayan haɗi a wuyan hannu na hannayen goshin goshi, wanda shine ƙashi mai juzuwar jini na ƙashin sesamoid. Yana adawa da sauran yatsu kuma yana taimakawa wajen riƙe harbin bamboo.
Mahimmanci! Ba duk dabbobi bane ke da inuwa (ja) ta inuwa - babbar launinta ya dogara da ƙananan ƙananan (akwai 2 daga cikinsu). Misali, ƙaramin panda yana da ɗan duhu fiye da jan panda na yamma, kodayake launuka sun bambanta tsakanin ƙananan. Sau da yawa babu ja sosai kamar mutane masu launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa.
Rusty launuka a cikin launi na mai farauta ya zama abin dogara ne (yana ba ku damar hutawa ko yin barci ba tare da jinkiri ba), musamman a kan bangon ja da ke rufe katako da rassa a China.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Red panda yana guje wa al'umma kuma yana rayuwa galibi baya, yana yarda da abokin tarayya ne kawai a lokacin saduwa. Pandas suna bin yankunan kansu, kuma maza suna zaune sau biyu ko ma fiye da sau uku (5-11 km2) fiye da mata. An sanya kan iyakokin da alamun kamshi - sirrin gland din da ke kusa da dubura da tafin kafa, da fitsari da kuma najasa. Smellanshin yana ɗauke da bayanai game da jima'i / shekaru da haihuwa na wani mutum.
Jan Panda yana jagorantar salon rayuwa, yana yin bacci da rana a cikin ramuka ko wasu gidaƙan da aka gina akan bishiyoyi marasa ƙoshin lafiya. Barin hannun Morpheus, suna ɗaukar halaye da yawa - suna birgima cikin ƙwallo, suna rufe kansu da jelarsu, ko kuma, kamar rakoran Amurkawa, suna zaune a kan rassan tare da kawunansu a kirji. Lokacin da yake da dumi musamman a cikin gandun daji, dabbobi galibi suna kwanciya a kan rassan (ciki ƙasa), suna barin ɓangarorinsu su rataye da yardar kaina a gefensu. Bayan sun farka ko cin abincin rana, sai pandas suka wanke fuskokinsu kuma suka lasar da kansu gaba daya, sannan suka miqe, suna shafa bayansu / ciki akan bishiya ko dutse.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin motsawa ta cikin daji da bishiyoyi, jelar tana aiki a matsayin ma'auni, amma ta rasa wannan aikin lokacin da dabbar ta sauko ƙasa. Lokacin saukowa daga bishiya, ana fuskantar kai zuwa ƙasa, kuma wutsiya ba kawai ke da alhakin daidaitawa ba, amma kuma tana rage panda, tana nadewa a jikin akwatin.
Dabbobin suna gudu da sauri sosai a ƙasa har ma a dusar ƙanƙara, suna sauyawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa tsalle. Red pandas suna da yawan wasa: yayin da suke jituwa da juna, suna shimfida ƙafafunsu na gaba kuma suna tsayawa akan ƙafafun na baya, suna kwaikwayon harin. A cikin wasan barkwanci, Panda yana ɗaukar abokin hamayyarsa a ƙasa kuma sau da yawa yana cizon jelarsa, ba ya taɓa yin rauni.
Har yaushe ne pandas ja suke rayuwa?
A cikin daji, masu farauta suna rayuwa kusan shekaru 8-10, kusan ninki biyu na matsakaita lokacin da suka tsinci kansu a wuraren shakatawar dabbobi... Anan suna rayuwa har zuwa 14, kuma wani lokacin har zuwa shekaru 18.5: aƙalla irin wannan rikodin an kafa ta ɗayan jan fandawan da ke zaune a gidan zoo.
Af, kula da tsawon rayuwarsu, "kuliyoyi masu haskakawa" don haka suka tsara canjin yanayin da suka koya kansa da kansa da ƙara ƙimar rayuwa (kuma a cikin wannan sun kusanci rami). A cikin damuna mai tsanani, dabbobi suna rage farashin makamashi kuma suna adana zafi ta amfani da dabarun tanadin makamashi: misali, suna dunkulewa cikin wani ball mai matse jiki, suna kewaye da kansu da girgije mai kauri na fur (wanda ya rufe harda tafin kafa).
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ailurus fulgens yana da iyakantaccen iyaka wanda bai wuce iyakokin lardunan China na Sichuan da Yunnan, Myanmar, Nepal da Bhutan, da kuma arewa maso gabashin Indiya ba. Tuni yamma da Nepal, ba wanda ya ga dabbobin. Homelandasar ƙaramar dabbar ana kiranta yankin kudu maso gabas na tsaunukan Himalaya, inda masu farauta ke hawa zuwa kilomita 2-4 a tsayi. An samo kakannin pandas na zamani a kan wani yanki mafi fadi, kamar yadda yake nuni da ragowar da aka samu a Gabashin Turai da Arewacin Amurka.
Mahimmanci! A cewar masanan burbushin halittu, kaifin kewayon jan Pandas ya samo asali ne daga sauyin yanayi da aka saba - dabbobi sun fi son mai kamun kai, tare da matsakaita zafin jiki na 10-25 digiri Celsius da hazo zuwa 350 mm a shekara.
Jan Panda yana zaɓar daɗaɗɗun, gandun daji masu tsayi na coniferous (fir) da nau'in bishiyoyi (itacen oak, maple da chestnut). Arshen yana matsayin amintaccen kariya ga ƙananan matakin da bamboo da rhododendron ya ƙirƙira. Yawancin shekara, waɗannan gandun daji suna lulluɓe a cikin gajimare, wanda hakan ke shafar ci gaban lekenan da mosses waɗanda ke rufe duwatsu, kututture da rassa. Akwai ciyayi da yawa a cikin wadannan dazuzzuka cewa tushen suna hade da juna, suna riƙe ƙasa har ma a kan gangaren tudu kuma suna tara iyakar ruwan da ke faɗuwa a nan.
Dietananan abincin panda
Fiye da rabin yini (har zuwa awanni 13) panda na kashewa wajen nema da cin abinci, wanda aka samo akasari a ƙasa. Red panda baƙon abu ne mai ban mamaki, saboda abincin ta ya ƙunshi kusan ciyayi:
- bamboo ganye / harbe (95%);
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da asalinsu;
- succulent ciyawa da lichens;
- berries da acorns;
- namomin kaza.
Jan Panda yana juyawa zuwa ainihin mai farauta, wataƙila a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da ya sauya zuwa ƙananan beraye, kwari da ƙwai tsuntsaye don ba wa jiki ƙarin kuzari. Narkar da jan Panda an tsara shi kamar na duk masu cin nama - mai sauƙi (ba ɗaki da yawa ba) na ciki da gajerun hanji, wanda ya sa yake da wuya a haɗu da zaren tsire-tsire.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Jikin panda yana amfani da rubu'in ƙarfin makamashin da ke ajikin gora da yake ci. Hakora (38 gabaɗaya) suna taimakawa panda don niƙa ciyawar ciyayi, musamman ma molar, sanye take da tarin fuka na musamman.
Dangane da rikitacciyar dangantakar sa da cellulose, jan Panda yana zabar samari da kanana masu taushi, suna cin abinci har zuwa kilogiram 4 kowace rana. Ana saka ganye a harbe - sama da kilogiram 1.5 a kowace rana (ana biyan diyya ta abinci ta ƙananan abubuwan kalori). Ba daidai ba, ƙananan pandas da aka kama suna ƙin kowane nama.... Mai farautar ya murkushe (har ma ba koyaushe ba) kaji mai rai da aka kawo cikin kejin, amma bai taɓa cin sa ba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Wasannin wasan dabba a cikin ƙananan pandas suna farawa a farkon hunturu, galibi a cikin Janairu. A wannan lokacin, maza da mata suna cikin haɗuwa da haɗuwa. Na farko suna barin alamun ƙanshinsu ko'ina, yayin da na biyun suna nuna a shirye suke don yin ma'amala ta kowace hanya.
Ayyukan mata saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali ne: yana faruwa sau ɗaya kawai a shekara kuma yana ɗaukar daga 18 zuwa 24 hours. Ciki ya kasance daga kwanaki 114 zuwa 145, amma ana lura da ci gaban tayi ba nan da nan ba, amma tare da jinkiri na kwanaki 20-70 (a kan matsakaici, 40). Kusa da haihuwa, mace na gina gida, tana shimfida ramin da ya dace ko dutsen da ke da ciyawa, rassa da ganye. Pandas suna haihuwa daga tsakiyar watan Mayu zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuli, suna kawo ɗayan kwikwiyo (sau da yawa sau biyu, har ma sau da yawa sau 3-4).
Yaran da aka haifa an rufe su da gashin gashi, basu ga komai ba kuma sunkai kimanin 110-130 g. Uwar tana lasar zuriya, tana sanya alamun ƙamshi a kanta, wanda ke taimakawa wajen gano puan kwikwiyo lokacin da uwar ta koma gida da abinci. Da farko, koyaushe tana kusa da gidan, amma bayan mako guda tana zuwa nesa sosai, tana zuwa ne kawai don ciyarwa da lasawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An kwikwiyo sun sami ganinsu a makonni uku, amma kar su bar gidansu na tsawon wasu watanni 3, suna yin amintattu na farko da dare. Mahaifiyar su ke yaye su tun suna da watanni 5 da haihuwa.
'' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' 'Suna haɗuwa da mahaifiyarsu, amma ba su san uba ba: yana barin abokin zama kai tsaye bayan sun gama jima'i. Sadarwa da uwa ta katse lokacin da panda ke shirin daukar ciki na gaba kuma ta zama cikin matukar damuwa. Ana kwatanta girman girma tare da girma tare da tsofaffi kimanin shekara guda, amma yana da ikon sake haifuwa da offspringan shekaru kawai da shekara ɗaya da rabi.
Makiya na halitta
A cikin daji, jan kerke yana fuskantar barazanar kerkeci da damisar dusar ƙanƙara, amma yiwuwar kai hari daga shekara zuwa shekara yana zama mai zurfin tunani saboda raguwar yawan mutanen da ke farautar.
Panda yawanci tana samun ceto a saman bishiya, cikin sauri take hawa tare da taimakon kaɗan ƙusoshin hannu... A kan ƙasa, firgici / fushin panda yana tsaye a kan ƙafafun bayanta, yana jingina da jikinsa yana fitar da ƙamshin turaren hayaki. A cewar wasu shaidun gani da ido, pandas din da ke firgita na iya yin kururuwa mai sanya zuciya, kodayake a wasu lokuta muryoyinsu ba sa yin kara da karfi fiye da na tsuntsu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Jar Panda tana cikin littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa a cikin halin "hadari", saboda yawanta a cikin shekaru 18 da suka gabata ya ragu da kusan rabi. Wannan yanayin, a cewar masanan kimiyyar dabbobi, ba kawai zai ci gaba ba, amma zai ci gaba da bunkasa cikin ƙarni na 3 masu zuwa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yawan jajan panda gabaɗaya an kiyasta shi zuwa dabbobi dubu 16-20, wanda ƙasar China ke da dubu 6-7, Indiya - daga dubu 5 zuwa 6, Nepal - mutane ɗari da yawa. An yi bayanin raguwar yawan dabbobin ta hanyar yanayin yawaitar dabbobin daji a yanayi, da kuma lalata muhallinsu na gargajiya saboda sare dazuzzuka.
Bugu da kari, 'yan asalin kasar na farautar panda, saboda tsananin hasken ja da tan-take. An san su da cin naman panda ma, bayan sun koyi yadda za su iya kawar da dandano mai ɗanɗano. Hakanan ana amfani da sauran sassan jan Panda, ana amfani dasu azaman kayan ɗanɗano don kiwon lafiya..
Mafarauta suna kama dabbobi domin su sayar dasu azaman dabbobin gida (ta hanya, a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, pandas suna samun tushen rauni kuma kusan koyaushe suna mutuwa). Sinawa suna dinka tufafi da huluna daga gashin wata ƙaramar fanda. Af, a lardin Yunnan, hatta Panda fur ana ɗaukarta mafi kyawun ado ga sabbin ma'aurata: akwai imanin cewa alama ce ta farin cikin aure.
Jan Panda shine mascot na Darjeeling International Tea Festival kuma an san shi azaman dabbar ƙasa ta Sikkim (ƙaramar ƙasa a arewa maso gabashin Indiya). Jan Panda yana sake yaduwa sosai a cikin bauta saboda haka ana neman shi daga gidajen zoo daban-daban na duniya, inda galibi yake zuwa daga Nepal (ta hanyar wucewa ta Calcutta). Dangane da sabbin bayanai, yanzu kusan Panda 300 ja suke zaune a wuraren shakatawa na namun daji 85 kuma an haifa daidai lambar a cikin fursuna.
