Swordfish, ko fishfish (Xiphias gladius) - wakilin nau'ikan kifin mai rai-rai wanda yake na tsari mai kama da dangin takobi, ko Xiphiidae. Manyan kifaye suna iya kiyaye zafin idanu da kwakwalwa sosai sama da tsarin zafin jiki na muhalli, wanda yake sanadiyar endothermia. Mai farauta mai aiki yana da abinci iri-iri, yana sanya dogon ƙaura, kuma sanannen abu ne na kamun kifi na wasanni.
Bayanin kifin takobi
A karo na farko, bayyananniyar kifin takobi ya bayyana a kimiyance a shekarar 1758... Carl Linnaeus, a shafuka na goma na littafin "Tsarin dabi'a", ya bayyana wakilan wannan nau'in, amma binomen ba su sami wani canji ba sai yau.
Bayyanar
Kifin yana da ƙarfi da elongated jiki, mai jujjuyawa a ɓangaren ɓangare, tare da taƙaitawa zuwa wutsiya. Abin da ake kira "mashi" ko "takobi", wanda yake shi ne hawan sama mai tsayi, an ƙirƙira shi ta ƙasusuwa da ƙashi na premaxillary, kuma kuma yana da alamun santsi a cikin dorsoventral direction. Positionananan matsayin bakin nau'in da ba za'a iya janye shi ba yana da halin rashin hakora akan muƙamuƙi. Idanun suna da girma cikin girma, kuma membobin gill ɗin ba su da haɗewa a cikin sararin samaniya. Stamens na reshe suma basa nan, sabili da haka gill ɗin kansu suna wakiltar da faranti da aka gyara wanda aka haɗa cikin farantin raga ɗaya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a lura cewa matakin kyanwa da kifin takobin saurayi suna da manyan bambance-bambance daga manya a cikin rufin sikila da ilimin halittar jiki, kuma canje-canje da ke faruwa a hankali a cikin bayyanar waje ana kammala su ne bayan kifin ya kai tsawon mita.
Abubuwan da ke tsakanin ƙafafun dorsal an rarrabe su ta hanyar rata mai mahimmanci tsakanin tushe. Finarshen dorsal na farko yana da ɗan gajeren tushe, yana farawa sama da yankin baya na kai kuma yana ƙunshe da haskoki 34 zuwa 49 na nau'in mai laushi. Fin na biyu sananne ne mafi ƙanƙanta fiye da na farko, ya koma can nesa zuwa ɓangaren caudal, wanda ya ƙunshi 3-6 haskoki mai laushi. Har ila yau, haskoki masu wuya ba su nan gaba ɗaya a cikin finafinan tsuliya. Fitsarin ƙirar firam na takobi yana da sikila irin ta sikila, yayin da fin ƙashin baya nan. Finafinan caudal yana da cikakkiyar sanarwa kuma mai kamannin wata.
Baya na kifin takobin da jikinsa na sama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ne, amma wannan launi a hankali a hankali ya zama inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske a yankin na ciki. Membranes a kan dukkan ƙafafu launin ruwan kasa ne ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, tare da nau'ikan ƙarfin ƙarfi. Yaran yara suna rarrabe ta gaban ratsiyoyi masu ratsa jiki, wanda gaba daya ya ɓace yayin girma da haɓakar kifin. Matsakaicin matsakaicin kamun kifin takobin balagagge shine 4.5 m, amma galibi ba ya wuce mita uku. Nauyin irin wannan kifin mai laushi na teku zai iya kaiwa 600-650 kg.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Kifin takobi ya cancanci a ɗauke shi da sauri da sauri a cikin mazaunan teku a yau. Irin wannan kifin na teku mai saurin inganci yana iya saurin zuwa kilomita 120 / h, wanda hakan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar wasu sifofi a cikin tsarin jiki. Godiya ga abin da ake kira "takobi", ana nuna alamun masu jan hankali yayin tafiyar kifin a cikin yanayin ruwa mai yawa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwan, kamun kifin takobi mai girma yana da halayyar kama da ta iska mai haske, sam ba ta da ma'auni.
Kifin takobi, tare da dangin da ke kusa da shi, suna da kwazazzabai, wadanda ba gabobi ne kawai na numfashi ba, amma kuma suna aiki ne a matsayin wani nau'in injina ne na ruwa mai amfani da ruwa. Ta hanyar irin wadannan kwazazzabon, ana aiwatar da kwararar ruwa mai ci gaba, kuma ana sarrafa saurin sa ta hanyar takaitawa ko fadada ramin gill.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Masu takobi suna da damar yin tafiya mai nisa, amma a cikin kwanciyar hankali sun fi son hawa zuwa saman ruwa, inda suke iyo, suna fallasa ƙarshensu. Lokaci-lokaci, kifin takobi yana ɗaukar sauri kuma yana tsalle daga cikin ruwa, nan da nan yana faɗuwa da sauri.
Jikin takobin takobi yana da zazzabi wanda yake kusan 12-15game daC ya wuce tsarin yanayin zafi na ruwan teku. Wannan fasalin ne yake tabbatar da kasancewa mai girma "farawa" na kifin, wanda zai ba ka damar haɓaka saurin saurin bazata yayin farauta ko, idan ya cancanta, don guje wa makiya.
Da yawa kifin takobi yana rayuwa
Mata masu yawan kamun kifi yawanci suna da girma fiye da kifin takobi, kuma suna da tsawon rai... A matsakaici, wakilan nau'ikan kifin mai rai-rai, wanda ke cikin tsarin perchiformes da dangin takobin rai, ba su fi shekaru goma ba.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Kifin Sword ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin tekuna da tekuna na duniya, ban da mashigin ruwa masu nisa. Ana samun manyan kifaye masu zurfin teku a cikin Tekun Atlantika, a cikin ruwan Newfoundland da Iceland, a Arewacin da Tekun Bahar Rum, haka kuma tare da yankin bakin teku na Azov da Black Seas. Ana gudanar da kamun kifi mai kaifin kifin a cikin ruwan Tekun Pasifik, Indiya da Tekun Atlantika, inda jimillar wakilan dangin takobin yanzu suka yi yawa.
Swordfish rage cin abinci
Kifin takobi yana ɗaya daga cikin masu farautar dama kuma yana da abinci iri-iri. Tunda duk takobi na yanzu yana mazaunan epi- da mesopelagic, suna yin ƙaura koyaushe kuma a tsaye a cikin layin ruwa. Kifin Sword yana daga saman ruwa zuwa zurfin mita ɗari takwas, kuma yana iya motsawa tsakanin buɗaɗɗun ruwa da yankunan bakin teku. Wannan fasalin ne yake tantance irin abincin takobi, wanda ya haɗa da dabbobi manya ko ƙananan ƙwayoyin daga ruwa kusa da ruwa, da kuma kifin da ake kira benthic, da keɓaɓɓu, da kuma manyan kifaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bambanci tsakanin masu takobi da marlin, ta amfani da “mashin” su kawai da nufin farautar ganima, shine kayar wanda aka azabtar da “takobi”. A cikin cikin kifin da aka kama, akwai kifaye da kifi waɗanda a zahiri aka yanka su da yawa ko kuma suke da alamun lalacewar da "takobi" ya haifar.
Abincin adadi mai yawa na kifin takobi wanda ke zaune a gabar ruwan gabashin gabashin Ostiraliya, wani lokaci da suka gabata, ya kasance yana da fifiko na cephalopods. Zuwa yau, abincin abincin kifin kifi ya bambanta tsakanin mutanen da ke zaune a bakin ruwa da bakin ruwa. A yanayi na farko, kifi ya mamaye, a na biyun kuma, cephalopods.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Bayanai game da balagar kifin na 'yan kaɗan' yan kaɗan ne kuma suna da sabani sosai, wanda mai yiwuwa ne saboda bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mutane da ke zaune a yankuna daban-daban. Swordflies spawn a saman ruwa yadudduka a zazzabi na 23 ° C da gishiri a cikin kewayon 33.8-37.4 ‰.
Lokacin daddafewar kamun kifi a cikin ruwan teku na Tekun Duniya ana kiyaye shi duk shekara. A cikin ruwan Tekun Caribbean da Tekun Mexico, kololuwar kiwo tsakanin watan Afrilu da Satumba. A cikin Tekun Fasifik, yaduwar yanayi yana faruwa a lokacin bazara da bazara.
Swordfish caviar pelagic ne, tare da diamita na 1.6-1.8 mm, gaba daya a bayyane, tare da mafi girman dusar mai... Ratesimar yawan haihuwa tana da yawa. Tsawon ƙyanƙyashe ƙyanƙyashe ya kai kimanin 0.4 cm. Matakin kifin na kifin mai takobi yana da siffa ta musamman kuma ana yin doguwar metamorphosis. Tunda irin wannan aikin yana ci gaba kuma yana ɗaukar dogon lokaci, ba ya fita daban a cikin matakai daban-daban. Larananan larvae da aka kyankyashe suna da jiki mai rauni, mai ɗan gajeren hanci, kuma sikeli masu sihiri masu ban tsoro sun bazu cikin jiki.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An haifi kifin Takobi da zagaye kai, amma a hankali, yayin ci gaba da bunƙasawa, kan ya zama mai kaifi kuma yana kama da "takobi".
Tare da ci gaba mai aiki da ci gaba, muƙamuran larvae na tsawaita, amma sun kasance daidai a tsayi. Processesarin ci gaba na ci gaba yana tare da ci gaba da sauri na sama na muƙamuƙi, saboda abin da shugaban irin wannan kifin yake samun bayyanar "mashi" ko "takobi". Mutanen da suke da tsawon jiki na 23 cm suna da tarar ƙare ɗaya wanda ya faɗaɗa tare da jikinsa da kuma fin din dubiya ɗaya, kuma ana shirya sikeli a layuka da yawa. Hakanan, irin waɗannan yara suna da layi na layi na gefe, kuma haƙoran suna kan hakora.
A yayin ci gaba da girma, bangaren gaban fatar yana kara tsayi. Bayan tsayin jikin kifin takobi ya kai cm 50, sai a kafa ƙusoshin ƙare na biyu, wanda aka haɗa da na farko. Sikeli da hakora, da layin gefe, gaba ɗaya sun ɓace ne kawai ga mutanen da ba su balaga ba waɗanda suka kai tsawon mita. A wannan zamanin, a cikin takubba, kawai ɓangaren da aka faɗaɗa na ƙarshen ƙarewar farko, na biyu gajartar ƙarewar, da kuma fincin finafinai, waɗanda suka rabu da juna a fili.
Makiya na halitta
Babban kifin da ke haifar da oododromic pelagic ba shi da makiya na asali a cikin yanayi. Kifin takobi na iya faɗawa cikin tarkon kifi whale ko shark. Yaran da ba su balaga ba da ƙananan kifin takobi galibi ana farautar su da kifaye masu motsa jiki, gami da baƙin marlin, marlin mai ruwan bugu na Atlantika, sailfish, ruwan tuna tuna mai launin rawaya, da kuma coryphans.
Koyaya, an sami kimanin nau'in hamsin na ƙwayoyin parasitic a cikin kwayar takobi, wanda cestodes a cikin ciki da hanjin hanji suka wakilta, nematodes a cikin ciki, rawar jiki a kan kwazazzabai da juriya a saman jikin kifin. Mafi yawan lokuta, isopods da monogeneans, gami da banbura daban-daban da masu goge-goge a gefe, suna samun nutsuwa a jikin kifin ruwan teku na oododromic.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A yankin wasu yankuna, kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba na kamun kifi na kasuwanci tare da raga raga na musamman. Shekaru takwas da suka gabata, Greenpeace ta sanya kifin mai hade da teku cikin jerin ja na kayayyakin ruwan da ake tallatawa a cikin manyan kantunan kasuwa, wanda ke bayyana babban hadarin kamun kifi.
Darajar kasuwanci
Swordfish ya kasance nau'in kifin kasuwanci mai daraja da mashahuri a ƙasashe da yawa... Kwarewar aikin kamun kifi a halin yanzu galibi ana aiwatar dashi ta layin dogon layi. An kama wannan kifin a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban aƙalla talatin, da suka haɗa da Japan da Amurka, Italiya da Spain, Kanada, Koriya da China, da Philippines da Mexico.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, irin wannan wakilin mai kyan gani game da nau'ikan kifin mai rai-rai wanda ke karkashin umarnin perchiformes da dangin takobi na da matukar muhimmanci ga ganima a fagen wasan kamun kifi lokacin da ake kamun kifi da kifi. Kifin takobi mai launin fari, wanda yafi ɗanɗano kamar naman alade, ana iya shan sigari da soya shi, ko kuma a dafa shi a girkin gargajiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Naman Swordfish ba shi da ƙananan ƙasusuwa, ana rarrabe shi da babban ɗanɗano, kuma kusan ba shi da ƙamshin ƙanshi a cikin kifi.
Ana lura da manyan kamun kifi a tsakiyar gabas da kuma yankin arewa maso yamma na Tekun Fasifik, da kuma yammacin Tekun Indiya, a cikin ruwan Tekun Bahar Rum da kuma kudu maso yammacin ɓangaren Atlantika. Yawancin kifin suna kamawa ne a cikin ɓarna kamar yadda-kama. Matsakaicin tarihin da aka sani na kamun kifi na tekuodrome an rubuta shi shekaru huɗu da suka gabata, kuma ya kai ƙasa da tan dubu 130.
