Coyotes, wanda aka fi sani da makiyaya kerkeci (Latin ana fassara shi da "kare mai haushi".
Bayanin Coyote
Kwayoyin Coyote suna da wakilci daga subsasashe goma sha tara, goma sha shida daga cikinsu suna zaune yankin ƙasar Amurka, Kanada da Meziko, kuma ƙananan ƙananan guda uku suna zaune a Amurka ta Tsakiya. A kan yankin Sabuwar Duniya, kyarketai masu daɗi suna mamaye iri ɗaya kamar na dodanni a Eurasia.
Bayyanar
Girman jiki na coyotes ya zama ƙasa da na Wolves.... Tsawon maharbin mai farauta yakai 75-100 cm kawai, kuma wutsiyar ta kusan kwata na mita. Tsayin dabba a bushe bai wuce cm 45-50 ba. Matsakaicin adadin mai farautar ya bambanta tsakanin kilo 7-21. Tare da wasu karnukan daji, kyarketai masu kifi suna da kunnuwa masu tsayi da doguwar wutsiya mai laushi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Gwanon dutsen da ke da gashi mai duhu, yayin da masu farautar hamada ke da launin ruwan kasa mai haske.
Coyotes yana da alamun launin ja mai tsawo mai launin toka mai launin toka da baƙi. A yankin ciki, Jawo yana da haske ƙwarai, kuma a ƙarshen jelar, baƙar fata ne tsantsa. Idan aka kwatanta da kerkeci na gama gari, ana rarrabe zakoki ta wani ƙaramin tsawa da kaifi, wanda yake ɗan kama da fox a cikin sura.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Coyotes sun fi dacewa da kerkeci don zama kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam da haɓaka yankuna kusan daidai da mutane. Kyarketai na makiyaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna nesanta yankunan dazuzzuka kuma sun fi son yankuna masu laushi - filayen ruwa da hamada. Wasu lokuta ana samun su a gefen ƙananan megacities da manyan ƙauyuka. Ga wakilan kowane yanki, bayyanar matsakaicin aiki tare da fitowar magariba halayya ce.
Manyan kunu na manya suna da kyau a rami, amma kuma suna iya zama a cikin gidajen wasu mutane.... Matsakaicin yanki na mai farauta yana da nisan kilomita goma sha tara, kuma ana amfani da hanyoyin da ke da alamar fitsari don motsawar dabbobi. A wuraren da kyarketai na gama gari ba su nan ko kuma lambobinsu ba su da kima, kyankyasai suna iya hayayyafa cikin sauri da kuzari.
Duk da ƙaramin girmanta, mai shayarwa zai iya tsalle mita uku zuwa huɗu kuma ya haɓaka saurin zuwa 40-65 km / h yayin gudu. Yawancin wakilai da yawa na dangin Canidae sun daɗe suna bin sawun masu binciken kuma sun sami tushe ba tare da matsala ba a kusan kowane sabon yanayi. Da farko, mazaunin coyotes ya kasance na kudanci da tsakiyar yankin ne kawai a Arewacin Amurka, amma yanzu kusan duk nahiyar tana da rukunin ƙasashe.
Har yaushe tsinkayyen coyotes?
A dabi'a, kwarkwata yawanci ba su wuce shekaru goma ba, kuma matsakaiciyar rayuwar mai farauta a cikin fursuna tana kimanin shekaru goma sha takwas.
Nau'in Coyotes
A halin yanzu, a halin yanzu an san ƙananan rago goma sha tara na prairie Wolves:
- C. latrans latrans;
- C. latrans karas;
- C. latrans clerticus;
- C. latrans diсkeyi;
- C. latrans takaici;
- C. latrans goldmani;
- C. latrans hondurensis;
- C. latrans imperavidus;
- C. latrans incolatus;
- C. latrans jamesi;
- C. latrans lestes;
- C. latrans mearsi;
- C. latrans microdon;
- C. latrans ochropus;
- C. Yankin larabawa;
- C. latrans techensis;
- C. latrans thammnos;
- C. latrans umрquensis;
- C. latrans vigilis.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Yamma da tsakiyar yankin Arewacin Amurka suna wakiltar babban yankin raƙuman kerkuku. Lalacewar yankuna dazuzzuka da kuma hallaka manyan masu gasa ta fuskar abinci mai gina jiki, wanda keɓaɓɓen kerketai suka wakilta, ya ba da damar zakaru yaduwa a yankuna da yawa idan aka kwatanta da asalin tarihin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Coyotes yana sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙa zuwa yanayin halittar ɗan adam, kuma a yankunan tsaunuka ana samun irin waɗannan masu cutar koda a tsawan mita dubu biyu zuwa uku sama da matakin teku.
Centuryarni ɗaya da suka wuce, kerk pran dawakai sune asalin mazaunan prairie, amma a zamanin yau ana samun kwarkwata kusan ko'ina, daga Amurka ta Tsakiya zuwa Alaska.
Abincin Coyote
Coyotes suna da komai kuma ba su da ma'ana sosai a cikin masu cin abincin, amma wani muhimmin ɓangare na abincin yana wakiltar abinci daga asalin dabbobi, gami da zomaye da zomaye, karnukan daji, marmot da ƙasan ƙasa, ƙananan beraye. Raccoons, ferrets da posum, beavers, tsuntsaye har ma da wasu kwari galibi suna zama farautar coyotes. Kyarketai masu ciyayi suna yin iyo sosai kuma suna iya nasarar farautar kowane irin dabbobin ruwa, waɗanda kifi, kwadi da sababbi ke wakilta.
A cikin shekarun ƙarshe na ƙarshe da farkon kaka, kyarketai masu daɗi suna cin 'ya'yan itacen marmari da kowane irin ofa ,an itace, da grounda groundan itace da suna sunan sunflower. Da farkon lokacin hunturu, coyotes da ke zaune a yankunan arewacin suna canzawa zuwa abinci mai karɓar abinci kuma suna ciyar da mushe da dabbobi marasa ƙarfi, tsoho ko marasa lafiya. Masu farautar da ke zaune a wuraren shakatawa na kasa sun saba da mutane da sauri, saboda haka suna iya ɗaukar abinci ko da daga hannun mutane.
Dangane da bayanan abubuwan da ke ciki na kayan ciki na coyotes, daidaitaccen abincin mai farauta shine:
- kara - 25%;
- ƙananan rodents - 18%;
- dabbobin gida - 13.5%;
- barewar daji - 3.5%;
- tsuntsaye - 3.0%;
- kwari - 1.0%;
- wasu dabbobi - 1.0%;
- kayayyakin kayan lambu - 2.0%.
Kyarketai na Prairie ba safai suke kai hari ga manya da manyan dabbobi ba, da kuma barewar daji, amma ana tilasta musu farautar 'yan raguna ko' yan maruƙan da aka haifa.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Da alama Coyotes na iya yin nau'i-nau'i sau ɗaya kuma har abada. Karkunan dawa na da dawainiya da kulawa sosai, suna kula da zuriyarsu sosai. Lokacin kiwo mai aiki yana cikin Janairu ko Fabrairu. Ciki yakai wata biyu. Bayan bayyanar jariran, manyan zakanya na farauta a bi da bi kuma suna iya kiyaye kogon, wanda wani ɗan rami mai zurfi ko dutsen dutse ya wakilta. Kowane dangi na kerketai masu larura dole ne su sami mahalli da yawa, inda iyaye ke canja wurin 'ya'yansu a ɗan shakkun haɗari.
Kyarketai na Prairie sun kai balagar jima’i tana da kimanin shekara ɗaya, amma, a ƙa’ida, ma’auratan suna haɗuwa ne kawai bayan sun kai shekaru biyu. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi, galibi daga bornan kwiyakwiyi huɗu zuwa goma sha biyu ake haihuwarsu, waɗanda idan aka gan su kawai sun cika kwana goma. A watan farko, coyotes suna shayar da madarar uwa, bayan haka yaran a hankali za su fara barin kogonsu, kuma ppan kwikwiyo sun zama masu cin gashin kansu kawai a lokacin kaka. Maza galibi suna barin burkin iyaye, yayin da matan da suka manyanta, akasin haka, sun fi son zama cikin garken iyayen. Mafi yawan dabbobi dabbobi suna mutuwa yayin shekarar farko ta rayuwa.
Duk iyaye biyu suna raba irin kulawa don girma jarirai... A ranakun farko bayan haihuwar kwikwiyo, mace ba ta barin burrow ɗin kwata-kwata, saboda haka, duk matsalolin samun abinci ana magance su gaba ɗaya ta miji, wanda ya bar ɓoda a ƙofar kabarin, amma kuma zai iya sake maimaita abincin da aka narkar da shi rabin. Da zarar thean kwikwiyo suka yi girma kaɗan, sai iyayen su fara farauta. Sau da yawa, ana haihuwar puan kwikwiyo daga mata biyu ko uku tare kuma suka girma tare a cikin babban kogo. Haka kuma sanannen abu ne cewa coyotes suna tarayya da kyarketai ko karnuka na gida da na daji, wanda ke haifar da daidaitattun mutane.
Makiya na halitta
Babban maƙiyan halitta na manya masu cin karensu baƙinsu ne cougars da kerkeci. Matasa da balagaggu masu cin nama na iya zama sauƙin isasshen ganima don gaggafa da shaho, owls, cougars, manyan karnuka, ko wasu manya masu farauta. Dangane da lura na kwararru, kasa da rabin samari matasa na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekarun balaga.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya ɗaukar jan fox a matsayin babban mai gasa abinci wanda zai iya fitar da coyote daga yankin.
Yawancin cututtuka masu haɗari, gami da cutar ƙyama da cututtukan nematode, suna da alhakin yawan mace-macen da ke tsakanin kyarketai, amma ana ɗaukar mutane a matsayin babban maƙiyin coyote. An yi amfani da karnukan karba da tarko, strychnine da arsenic baits, da kona wuraren gaba ɗaya don yaƙi da yawan ƙaruwar saurin kwayoyi. Mafi shahararren shine magungunan kashe qwari "1080", wanda yafi nasarar kashe ba kawai zaren zaba ba, har ma da sauran dabbobi da yawa. Tattara cikin ƙasa da ruwa, guba ta "1080" ta haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara ta ba ga yanayin yanayin ƙasa, sakamakon haka an dakatar da ita gaba ɗaya don amfani.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Kyarketai makiyaya suna da yadu kuma gama gari ne... Coyotes, a matsayin jinsin halitta, an rarrabe shi sosai lokacin marigayi Pliocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin ne coyotes suka sami damar keɓe kansu daga magabatan gama gari a cikin ci gaban su. A halin yanzu, kyarketai masu kyan gani suna cikin jinsin halittu, yawan jama'a wanda ba shi da wata damuwa.
