Damisa (lat. Dabba tana ɗaya daga cikin wakilai huɗu masu zurfin nazari irin na Pantherа daga gidan manyan kuliyoyi.
Bayanin damisa
Duk damisa suna da manyan kuliyoyi, duk da haka, a girma suna lura da ƙanana da damisa da zakuna... Dangane da binciken masana, damisar da ta manyanta a koda yaushe tana da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku fiye da ta manyan mata.
Bayyanar, girma
Damisa na da tsahon jiki, na muscular, an dan matsa su ta gefe, haske da siriri, mai sassauci. Wutsiyar ta fi rabin duka tsawon jiki. Wsafafun Damisa gajere ne, amma suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi sosai. Fuskokin suna da haske, suna da lahani, an matse su ta gefe kuma suna da ƙarfi. Kan dabba dan karami ne, zagaye. Yankin gaban yana da ma'amala, kuma sashin gaban kai yana da tsayi mai tsayi. Kunnuwa kanana ne, masu zagaye, masu fadi da fadi. Idanun ƙanana ne, tare da ɗalibin da ya kewaya. Vibrissae yayi kama da gashin gashi na roba masu launin baki, fari da baki-da-fari, basu fi tsayin cm 11 ba.
Girman dabba da nauyinta sun bambanta sosai kuma kai tsaye sun dogara da yanayin yanayin yankin wurin zama. Damisar daji na da ƙanƙan da haske a cikin nauyi fiye da damuna a cikin buɗaɗɗun wurare. Matsakaicin tsawon jikin baligi da ba shi da jela ya kai mita 0.9-1.9, kuma tsawon jelar yana tsakanin 0.6-1.1 m.Gawar babbar mace ita ce kilogiram 32-65, na ta maza kuma 60-75 ne. Tsayin namiji a bushe ya kai 50-78 cm, kuma na mace - 45-48 cm.Babu alamun alamun dimomin jima'i kamar haka, sabili da haka, ana iya bayyana bambance-bambancen jinsi ta hanyar girman mutum da kuma sauƙin tsarin kwanyar.
-Arfin dabbar da ta fi kusa da ɗan gajeren gashin dabba daidai take a cikin jiki, kuma ba ta da ɗaukaka ko da a lokacin sanyi. Rigar ba ta da nauyi, mai kauri da gajere. Bayyanar furcin bazara da hunturu ya ɗan bambanta a cikin ƙananan rabe-raben. Koyaya, launin baya na furcin hunturu yana da paler kuma mara kyau idan aka kwatanta shi da launin rani. Babban sautin launin launi a cikin nau'ikan raƙuman ruwa daban-daban na iya bambanta daga bambaro mai launi da launin toka zuwa sautin launin ruwan kasa mai tsatsa. Asianasashen yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya galibi suna da launin shuɗi-launin toka, kuma ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya suna ja-rawaya. Opananan damisa suna da launi launi.
Launi na Jawo, wanda yake mai canzawa dangane da yanayin ƙasa da halayen mutum, shima yana canzawa dangane da lokacin. Ya kamata a lura cewa gaban fuskar damisa ba shi da tabo, kuma akwai ƙananan alamu a kusa da vibrissae. A kan kumatu, a goshin, tsakanin idanu da kunnuwa, tare da ɓangare na sama da kuma gefen wuya, akwai daskararrun, ƙananan ƙananan launin toka.
Akwai launin baki a bayan kunnuwan. Yankunan zobe suna nan a bayanta da kuma gefen dabbar, haka kuma sama da wukake kafaɗa da kuma kan cinyoyi. An rufe gabobin damisa da ciki tare da daskararrun tabo, kuma an yiwa manya da ƙananan sassan jelar ado da manyan zobe ko daskararrun wurare. Yanayi da darajan tabo yana da matukar canzawa kuma ya kebanta da kowane mai cin dabba mai shayarwa.
Damisoshin Melanistic da aka samo a kudu maso gabashin Asiya galibi ana kiransu "baƙin panthers". Fatar irin wannan dabbar ba ta da baki kwata-kwata, amma irin wannan furcin mai duhu ya zama kyakkyawan sutura ga dabbar a cikin dajin daji mai yawa. Kwayar halittar da ke da alhakin melanism galibi ana samunta a cikin tsaunuka da damisa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kowane mutum mai launin launi baƙar fata ana iya haifuwarsa a cikin ɗayan tsintsiya tare da ɗiyaye waɗanda ke da launi na yau da kullun, amma masu wanzuwa ne, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ana rarrabe su da ƙarin tashin hankali da halaye na ɗabi'a.
A yankin tsibirin Malay, kasancewar launin baƙar fata kusan kusan rabin damisa ne. Cikakke ko ƙyamar-melanism shima ba sabon abu bane a cikin damisa, kuma wuraren duhu da ke cikin wannan lamarin sun zama masu faɗi sosai, kusan haɗuwa da juna.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Damisa damuwar sirri ce da ke kadaice.... Waɗannan dabbobin suna iya zama ba kawai a cikin wurare masu nisa ba, har ma da nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Maza na damisa su kaɗai ne ga wani ɓangare na rayuwarsu, kuma mata suna tare da ɗiyansu maza don rabin ransu. Girman yanki na mutum na iya zama daban. Mace mafi yawanci tana zaune a yanki na kilomita 10-2902, kuma yankin maza na iya zama kilomita 18-11402... Mafi yawan lokuta, yankunan da ke kusa da mazajen maza da mata suke yin aiki tare.
Don nuna kasancewarta a cikin yankin, dabba mai shayarwa tana amfani da alamomi daban-daban ta hanyar yankar ƙaiƙayi akan bishiyoyi da "yin ƙira" a saman duniya ko a kan ɓawon dusar ƙanƙara. Tare da fitsari ko najasa, damisoshi suna alama wuraren hutawa ko mafaka na dindindin na musamman. Yawancin masu farauta yawanci suna zaman kashe wando, wasu kuma, musamman ma samari maza, galibi suna yawo. Damisawa suna yin miƙa mulki tare da hanyoyin yau da kullun. A cikin yankuna masu duwatsu, masu farauta suna motsawa tare da tuddai da gefen gado, kuma ciyayi ya faɗi game da matsalolin ruwa.
Mahimmanci! Ikon damisa na hawa bishiyoyi ba wai kawai yana taimaka wa dabba ta samun abinci ba, har ma tana ba ta damar hutawa a kan rassan a ranaku masu zafi, da kuma buya daga manya-manyan masu cin kasa.
Kogon damisa galibi yana kan gangaren, wanda ke ba dabba mai farauta kyakkyawan gani game da yankin kewayenta.... Don mafaka, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna amfani da kogwanni, da kuma ramuka na tushe a cikin bishiyoyi, masu sanya duwatsu da raƙuman iska, da kuma manyan ɗakunan dutse. Za'a iya maye gurbin mataki mai natsuwa tare da haske mai sauƙi da kyakkyawa ta hanyar tsalle-tsalle, kuma mafi girman gudu yayin gudu shine 60 km / h. Damisawa na da ikon yin tsalle-tsalle sama da tsayi har zuwa mita shida zuwa bakwai da tsayi zuwa tsayi zuwa mita uku. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, irin wadannan masu farautar suna da kyau a iyo, kuma, idan ya cancanta, a sauƙaƙe shawo kan matsalolin ruwa.
Har yaushe damisa take rayuwa
Matsakaicin rayuwar damisa a cikin daji ta kai shekaru goma, kuma a cikin garkuwar irin wannan wakilin dabbobi masu shayarwa daga dangin Feline na iya rayuwa ko da na wasu shekaru.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A halin yanzu, ana ɗaukarsa saniyar ware sosai game da damuna tara na damisa, waɗanda suka bambanta a kewayon su da wurin zama. Damisoshin Afirka (Panthera parardus rardus) suna zaune a Afirka, inda suke zaune ba wai kawai a cikin dazukan da ke tsakiyar yankin ba, har ma a kan tsaunuka, dajin hamadar savannas daga Cape of Good Hope zuwa Morocco. Masu farauta suna guje wa yankunan busassun daji da manyan hamada, saboda haka ba a samun su a cikin Sahara.
Leananan damisar Indiya (Panthera parardus fusca) suna zaune a Nepal da Bhutan, Bangladesh da Pakistan, kudancin China da arewacin Indiya. Ana samun sa a cikin dazuzzuka masu zafi da dazuzzuka, a cikin yankunan arewacin gandun daji coniferous. Damisoshin Ceylon (Panthera parardus kotiya) suna zaune ne kawai a yankin tsibirin Sri Lanka, kuma ƙasashen Arewacin China (Panthera parardus jaronensis) suna zaune a arewacin China.
Yankin raba yankin Dam na Gabas ta Tsakiya ko Amur (Pantherа pardus orientalis) yana wakiltar yankin ƙasar Rasha, China da Yankin Koriya, kuma ana samun yawan damisar Gabas ta Tsakiya (Pantherа pardus ciscaucasica) a Iran da Afghanistan, Turkmenistan da Azerbaijan, a Abkhazia da Armenia, Turkey da , da kuma a Arewacin Caucasus. Damisar Larabawa ta Kudu (Pantherа pardus nimr) ya sauka a yankin Larabawa.
Damisa mai cin abinci
Duk wakilan jinsunan Panther da na Damisa sune masu farauta iri-iri, kuma abincinsu ya kunshi yawancin dabbobin da ke cikin dabbobin dawa, barewa da barewa. A lokacin rashin abinci, dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da ikon canzawa zuwa beraye, tsuntsaye, birai da dabbobi masu rarrafe. An ba da rahoton hare-haren damisa a kan dabbobi da karnuka a wasu shekaru.
Mahimmanci! Ba tare da damuwar mutane ba, damisa ba safai take afkawa mutane ba. Irin waɗannan shari'o'in galibi ana yin rikodin su ne lokacin da mai rauni mai rauni ya tunkari mafarauci ba da gangan ba.
Wolves da dila sau da yawa suna fadawa cikin manyan dabbobi masu cin nama, kuma idan ya cancanta, damisa ba sa ƙyamar kamawa kuma suna iya satar ganima daga wasu dabbobin masu farautar. Kamar sauran manyan nau'ikan kyanwa, damisa sun fi son farauta su kadai, suna jiran kwanton bauna ko sukuya kan abincinsu.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
A kan yankin kudanci mazauni, kowane yanki na damisa suna iya hayayyafa duk shekara... A cikin Yankin Gabas mai nisa, mata suna farawa estrus a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na kaka da farkon lokacin sanyi.
Tare da sauran kuliyoyi, lokacin kiwo na damisa yana tare da hayaniya mai ƙarfi ta maza da yawan faɗa da manyan mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Yaran damisa suna girma da girma da sauri fiye da yara, don haka sun isa girma da balagar jima'i yayin da suka kai shekara uku, amma mata sun balaga da jimawa kadan fiye da damisar maza.
Tsarin daukar ciki na wata uku na mace yana karewa da haihuwar yara yawanci 'ya'ya daya ko biyu. A cikin al'amuran na musamman, ana haihuwar jarirai uku. Yaran da aka haifa makafi ne kuma ba su da kariya. A matsayin kogo, damisawa suna amfani da rami da kogo, da ramuka masu girman girma, an shirya su a ƙarƙashin karkatacciyar tushen bishiyoyi.
Makiya na halitta
Wolves, kasancewar su masu son kula da mutane da manyan dabbobi, suna da babbar barazana ga damisa, musamman a yankunan da basu da isassun bishiyoyi. Akwai artabu tare da beyar, zakuna da damisa, har da kuraye. Babban makiyin damisa shine mutum.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Adadin yawancin rarar damisa na raguwa a hankali, kuma babbar barazanar hallaka mai farauta ita ce canjin wuraren zama na asali da raguwar abinci sosai. Subsananan raƙuman damisa na Javan (Panthera rardus melas), da ke zaune a tsibirin Java (Indonesia), a halin yanzu suna fuskantar ɓarkewa cikakke.
Jinsunan da ke cikin haɗari a yau sun haɗa da damisa ta Ceylon (Panthera rardus kotiya), ƙasashen gabashin Siberian ko damisar Manchurian (Panthera rardus orientalis), damisar Gabas ta Gabas (Panthera rardus cisauvidus nardusa)
