Skunks (lat. Merhitidae) dabbobi ne na dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma tsari ne na yau da kullun na masu farauta. Har zuwa kwanan nan, galibi ana danganta skunks ga dangin Cunyi da kuma gidan Merhitinae, amma sakamakon nazarin kwayoyin, ya yiwu a tabbatar da daidaiton kasonsu ga wani gida na daban, wanda, a cewar wasu kafofin, ya fi kusa da dangin Panda, kuma ba Raccoons ba.
Dabbar Skunk
Duk wakilan tsarin Predatory da dangin Skunk suna da launuka iri-iri na halaye, wanda ya sauƙaƙa kuma kusan ba za'a iya kuskuren bambance su da dabbobi kwatankwacinsu ba.
Bayyanar
Duk skunks suna da ratsi-fari fari ko tabo a banbancin launin fata.... Misali, skunks masu taguwar suna da fararen ratsi mai faɗi a kan duwawunsu wanda ya fara daga kai zuwa ƙarshen wutsiya. Irin wannan samfurin mai haske da sananne yana aiki ne azaman abin da ake kira faɗakarwa, kuma yana iya hana yuwuwar hare-hare daga maharan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Representativesananan wakilai na dangi an hange sukuni ne (Spilogale), wanda nauyin jikinsa ya bambanta tsakanin kilogiram 0.2-1.0. Mafi girma - Skunk na alade (Soneraatus) yana da nauyin 4.0-4.5 kg.
Ofaya daga cikin siffofin keɓaɓɓen skunks shine kasancewar glandon ƙuraje masu kamshi, waɗanda ke sakin wani abu mai ƙayatarwa wanda ke da ɗorewa da rashin wari. Dabbobin dabbar dabbar nausa na iya fesa jirgin sirrin sirri har zuwa mita shida daga nesa... Dukkanin kokonto an rarrabe su da karfi mai karfi, kundin tsarin mulki, da wutsiya mai taushi da gajerun gaɓoɓi masu ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da ƙwarewa, waɗanda aka daidaita daidai da burrowing.
Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a
Ana samun sanduna a cikin shimfidar wurare daban-daban, gami da filayen ciyawa da yankunan dazuzzuka, da kuma yankuna masu yawan duwatsu. Dabba mai shayarwa yana ƙoƙari ya guji wuraren da ke da katako ko fadama. Skunks dabbobin dare ne kuma ana lasafta su azaman masu cin komai. Mafi yawan lokuta, dabba da kansa tana haƙa ramin mutum, amma idan ya cancanta, zai iya zama burbushin da wasu dabbobi suka yi. Wasu daga cikin dangin sun kware sosai wajen hawa bishiyoyi.
Dabbobin da ke zaune a sassan arewacin zangon tare da farkon lokacin kaka suna fara tara wadatattun kitse. A lokacin hunturu, dabbobin da yawa ba sa yin bacci, amma sun zama ba sa aiki kuma ba sa barin gidajensu don neman abinci. Dabbobin dabbobi a cikin dawakai na dindindin, sun haɗu cikin rukuni waɗanda suka ƙunshi maza da mata da yawa lokaci guda.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Skunkovykh yana tattare da kyakkyawan ƙamshi da ci gaban ji, amma irin wannan dabbar tana da ƙarancin gani, saboda haka dabba mai shayarwa ba zata iya bambance abubuwan da ke nesa da mita uku ko sama da haka ba.
A lokacin dumi, dabba mai shayarwa ta fi son kadaici, ba ta mallaki yanki ba kuma ba ta sanya alamar iyakokin shafukanta ta kowace hanya. Matsakaicin yanki na ciyarwa, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, ya mamaye kilomita 2-4² don mace baliga, kuma ga maza bai wuce kilomita 20 ba.
Har yaushe tsuntsaye ke rayuwa
Dukkanin rayuwar dabbar skunk tana gudana cikin nutsuwa sosai, harma da ɗan gajeren yanayi, kuma tsawon rayuwar mai irin wannan dabba ba ta bambanta da yawa dangane da halayen halittu. Abun lura ya nuna cewa a cikin daji, dabba na iya rayuwa na kimanin shekaru biyu ko uku, kuma a cikin fursuna zasu iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru goma.
Skunk nau'in
Kwararru a halin yanzu sun rarrabe manyan jinsin mutum hudu da nau'ikan skunks goma sha biyu.
Halin halittar Pig-nosed skunks yana wakiltar:
- Kudancin Amurka skunk (Soneratus сhingа);
- Humboldt Skunk (Soneratus humbоldtii);
- Gabashin Mexico ko Skunk mai hanci-hanci (Soneratus leuconotus);
- Skunk mai rabi-rabi (Сoneratus semistriatus).
Representedananan jigon jigon halittar suna wakiltar:
- Skunk na Mexico (Merhitis macrora);
- Taguwar sikila (Merhitis mehitis)
Halin halittar Smelly badgers, wani lokaci da suka gabata da aka danganta shi ga dangin Cunyi kuma aka ɗauka a cikin ɗayan skunks, ya sami wakilcin:
- Sunda mai kamshi badger (Мydаus jаvаnеnsis);
- Palawan mai kamshi mai laushi (Мydаus mаrсhei).
Halin halittar Spot Skunks suna wakiltar:
- Gano dabbar kudu (Spilogale аngustifrons);
- Sananan dabbar skunk (Spilogale gracilis);
- Skunk mai haske (Spilogale putoriu);
- A dwarf skunk (Spilogale pygmaea).
Dabbar dabbar da aka lakafta dabba ce da nauyinta ya kai tsakanin kilogiram 1.2-5.3. Wannan jinsin shine mafi yaduwar dangi. Yankin Arewacin Amurka ya wakilci mazaunin jinsunan daga Kanada zuwa Mexico, inda ya fi son yankuna na gandun daji kawai.
Skunk na Mexico - Wannan dabba mai shayarwa dangi ne na kut da kut wanda yake da kamanni a waje. Babban bambancin yana wakiltar da ɗan ƙarami mai laushi da taushi. A yankin kai, dabbar ma tana da dogon gashi, godiya ga abin da jinsin ke da asalin sunansa "Hooded Skunk". Isasar ta Mexico da wasu jihohin kudancin Amurka, tare da Arizona da Texas suka wakilci mazaunin.
Tsuntsun dabbare da aka hango shine mafi ƙarancin memba na dangin Skunk. Bambancin halayyar dake tsakanin wannan nau'in shine launinsa. Gashi yana da fararen ratsi huɗu, wanda ya haifar da rudani na sanadin mottling. Theasar Amurka ce ke wakiltar mazaunin. Skunk na Kudancin Amurka - a cikin bayyanar da a cikin duk halaye yana da kamanceceniya da dabbar skunk. Kasashe da yawa suna wakiltar Habitat a Kudancin Amurka, ciki har da Bolivia da Peru, Paraguay da Argentina, da Chile.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Wakilai da yawa na dangin dabbobi masu shayarwa da umarnin masu farauta suna zaune kusan duk yankuna na Sabuwar Duniya. Dabbobin da suka fito daga yankin Kudancin Kudancin Kanada sun bazu daga yankin kudancin Kanada zuwa Costa Rica, kuma nau'in aladu masu alaƙar alade suna zaune a yankuna daga yankunan kudancin Amurka zuwa Argentina.
Ana iya samun Skunks mai haske daga ƙasashen kudu na British Columbia da Pennsylvania har zuwa Costa Rica. Badgers masu ƙamshi, waɗanda aka lasafta su kamar dabbar skunk, jinsuna biyu ne waɗanda ake samunsu a wajen Amurka kuma ana yawan samunsu a tsibirin Indonesiya.
Dabbar skunk
Skunks abubuwa ne masu gaskiya waɗanda ke ciyar da abincin dabbobi da na tsire-tsire... Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna farautar ƙananan dabbobi, kuma abincinsu na iya zama beraye, shrews, squirrels, matasa da basu girma zomaye ba, wasu nau'ikan kifi da ɓawon burodi, da ciyawar ciyawa, tsutsayen kwari da tsutsotsi. Tare da jin daɗi, irin waɗannan dabbobi suna cin kayan lambu da kayan hatsi, tsire-tsire masu yawan ciyawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyaye, da kwayoyi iri-iri. Idan ya cancanta, ana amfani da gawar don abinci.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Skunks da aka ajiye a matsayin dabbobin gida masu ban sha'awa suna da nauyin kusan sau biyu fiye da takwarorinsu na daji, saboda amfani da abinci mai mai mai.
A yayin farautar dare, duwalai suna amfani da ƙanshin su da jin su, kuma idan suka sami farauta a cikin nau'in kwari ko ƙadangare, sai su fara haƙo ƙasa sosai kuma su juye ganye ko duwatsu tare da taimakon hancinsu da ƙafafunsu. Rodananan rodents suna riƙe haƙoransu yayin tsalle. Don cire fata ko ƙaya daga ganima, dabbar tana nade shi a ƙasa. Dabba mai shayarwa yana ba da fifiko musamman ga zuma, wanda ake ci tare da ƙudan zuma da tsefe.
Makiya na halitta
Abun dabba na Skunk suna cin ciyawa da dabbobi masu cutarwa da yawa, gami da ƙwari da ƙwayoyi. A lokaci guda, duk skunks ba sa cikin nau'ikan mahimman abubuwa na abinci ga wasu nau'in dabbobi, wanda ya kasance saboda kasancewar ƙamshi mai ƙyama da ƙyama da gland na musamman ke samarwa.
Skunks ba kawai runduna ba ne, amma har ma masu ɗaukar wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu haɗari da ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da cuta irin su histoplasmosis. Har ila yau, dabbobin daji sukan sha wahala daga rabies. Koyaya, manyan abokan gaba na dabbobin daji sune mutanen da ke halakar da irin waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa saboda ƙanshinsu mara daɗi da kuma yawan kai hare-hare akan matsakaicin girman kaji a cikin inan shekarun nan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Animalsananan dabbobin da ba su balaga da girma ba za su iya kai musu hari ta wasu dabbobin da ke cin namun daji, ciki har da coyotes, foxes, cougars, Canadian lynx and badgers, da kuma manyan tsuntsaye.
Adadi mai yawa na skunks na shekaru daban-daban suna mutuwa sakamakon haɗarin zirga-zirga ko kuma yayin cin abinci na musamman na guba.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin aiki na dabbar skunks ya faɗi a lokacin kaka, kusan Satumba. Da farkon Oktoba, kwayar halittar maniyyi a cikin maza ya tsaya. Mata na balaga sosai a shekara bayan haihuwa, kuma irin wannan dabbar tana cikin zafi ne kawai a watan Satumba. Skunks dabbobi ne masu auren mata da yawa, saboda haka maza na iya yin aure da mata da yawa lokaci guda, amma ba sa shiga cikin kula da zuriya.
Tsawon lokacin haihuwa shine kwanaki 28-31. Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna da wani yanayi na musamman - idan ya zama dole, mace tana da jinkiri a dasawa tayi a jikin bango, wanda shine diapause na amfrayo na musamman. A wannan halin, za a iya tsawaita lokacin haihuwar har zuwa watanni biyu, bayan haka daga jarirai uku zuwa goma masu nauyin 22.0-22.5 g aka haife su.Yana jarirai an haife su da makafi da kurma, an rufe su da fata mai kama da velor mai taushi a cikin gani.
Bayan kamar 'yan makonni, yaran sun buɗe idanuwansu, kuma tuni suna da wata ɗaya, yaran da suka girma suna iya ɗaukar halin kariya ta kai. Dabbar tana da ikon harba ruwa mai kamshi wata daya da rabi bayan haihuwa. Mata suna ciyar da ɗiyansu na ɗan ƙasa da watanni biyu, kuma ƙananan skunks sun canza zuwa ciyarwa mai zaman kanta bayan wata biyu. Iyali suna yin amfani da lokacin hunturu na farko tare, sannan kuma manyan da suka fara girma suna fara neman rayayye wuri don kwanciyar hankali.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Gabaɗaya, duk wakilan ajin dabbobi masu shayarwa, odar cin nama da dangin Skunk suna da yawa a cikin yanayin yanayi, saboda haka, a halin yanzu ba a sanya su a matsayin jinsin kariya ba.
