Karen dan gidan Canidae ne, tare da dabbobi irin su fox, jackal, wolf da coyote, wanda ke shafar halayyar halayyar wannan dabbar. Halin kowane kare kai tsaye ya dogara da halaye na asali da gado, amma ilimi da horo da ƙwarewa ma mahimmanci ne.
Kwayar halitta ko iyaye
Duk karnuka sun sha bamban da halaye.... Kuma halaye ko dabi'un dabba an tantance su ta manyan abubuwa guda uku:
- halayen gado;
- alamun mutum;
- tsananin siffofin rubutu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A cewar masana, hada halaye irin na halayyar kare ya dogara da halaye na dabarun zabar dabbobin da aka karba a kowane irin, amma a mafi yawan lokuta duk karnukan suna da abokantaka kuma sun dace da mutum.
Abubuwan da aka lissafa basu dogara da juna kai tsaye ba, saboda haka karnuka masu jin kunya ba lallai bane su zama masu iko da jin zafi, kuma dabbobin gida masu ƙarfin hali da masu zaman kansu ba koyaushe suna da iko da rashin damuwa da ciwo ba. Akwai adadi mai yawa na haɗuwa da irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin da darajarsu na tsananin, don haka zaku iya yanke shawara akan zaɓi na wani nau'in kare.
Zaɓin nau'in don manufar
Lokacin zabar nau'in kare, yana da kyau a mai da hankali kan aikin irin wannan dabbar dabbar a cikin iyali:
- mai tsaro da kariya;
- abokin tafiya ko ayyukan wasanni;
- aboki da mataimaki ga masunta / mafarauta;
- goyon bayan ɗabi'a na mai shi ko dabbar gidan dabbobi kawai.
Nau'o'in karnuka waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman sha'awa ana ɗauka daban. Irin waɗannan dabbobin gida suna shiga cikin nune-nunen, kiwo da haɓaka halaye na asali. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa idan sauƙin horo shine fifiko, to yana da kyau a zaɓi collie ko makiyayi Bajamushe, kuma yana da kyau masu farawa su guji samun karnuka da halayen rikitarwa, gami da Chow Chow ko Bernese Mountain Dog.
Farautar kare farauta
A cikin jerin sunayen rajista na kasa da kasa na FCI, nau'ikan farauta sun mamaye kungiyoyi shida cikin goma da ake dasu, kuma adadinsu ya wuce dari hudu, wanda ke nuna farin jini da bukata. An tsara keɓaɓɓun nau'in don kama burrow da dabbobin daji, da tsuntsaye.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar yadda al'adar kiwo ta kare ta nuna, wasu nau'ikan zasu iya hada kansu da kansu, tabbas, ba duka bane, amma wani muhimmin bangare ne na manyan ayyuka.
Kare mai nau'in farauta yana buƙatar cikakken horo mai ƙwarewa da wadataccen tafiya. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna da matukar wahalar haɗuwa a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki, wanda ke da larurar kula da motsa jiki. Representedungiyoyin da ke haɗa nau'in kiwon farauta suna da wakiltar:
- Greyhounds, da suka hada da Afghanistan Hound, Azawakh, Greyhound, Deerhound, Greyhound, Russian Hound, Whippet da Horon Fir'auna;
- Hound;
- Maidowa;
- Likes, da suka hada da Finnish Spitz, West Siberian, Russia-European, Karelian, Yakutsk da East Siberian Laika, da Nork na Elkhound ko Elk Dog da Karelian Bear Dog;
- Nunawa;
- Spaniels da suka hada da Spaniel Hunting Spaniel, English Cocker Spaniel, American Cocker Spaniel, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Erect-eared Papillon, Hanging-eareding eared Phalena, Tibet Spaniel, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Epanyol Breton da Clare;
- Wolfhounds;
- 'Yan ta'adda;
- Taksi.
Lokacin zabar nau'in farauta, ya zama dole ayi la'akari da halaye na halayen kare, da kuma dalilinsa. Terrier da dachshunds karnuka ne masu matsakaiciya waɗanda suke da girma da yawa don farautar dabbobi masu lalata dabbobi. Karnukan Beagle, tare da manyan filayen, suna aiki akan manya da ƙananan dabbobi, suna tuƙi abin farautar su ga mafarauta ko kama su kuma kashe shi.
Hound jinsin na iya zama waƙa da ɗan sanda... Zabi na biyu yana cikin nau'in karnukan bindiga, masu iya sa ido da kawo dabbar da aka kashe. Dogaro da yanayin aikin, ana iya amfani da irin waɗannan karnukan a wuraren buɗewa ko cikin girma mai girma, haka kuma akan ruwa. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke farauta akan ruwa da kan ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Bigleys, Basset Hounds, Bloodhound, Dalmatians, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, Ingilishi Foxhounds, Finnish da Hounds na Australiya da Drevers sun shahara musamman ga mafarauta.
Karnuka don babban iyali
Kamar yadda al'adar take nuna, a halin yanzu karnuka na gari "dangin" basu wanzu. Koyaya, bisa ga ƙwararrun masu kiwo da kwararru, karnuka na waɗannan nau'ikan sune mafi dacewa ga babban iyali:
- Newfoundland - karnuka masu girma da ƙarfi, masu kyau don kiyayewa a cikin iyali tare da ƙananan yara. Fa'idodi na nau'in: kyakkyawan yanayi, ƙaddamarwa marar iyaka da haƙuri. Launin nau'in: gashi mai kauri da girman gaske;
- Papillons - karnukan dangi na gari wadanda basu dace da yanayin rayuwa ba kuma suna da kyau ga yara. Fa'idodi na nau'in: makamashi da hankali, kazalika da yanayin farin ciki. Launin jinsin: jiki mai rauni, mai saurin samun rauni mai tsanani yayin aiwatar da wasa da hankali da yara;
- Masu dawo da Zinare Daidai ne ɗayan mafi kyawun ƙwayoyin kare dangi, kawai cikakke ne ga yara da samari. Fa'idodi na nau'in: ƙauna da sadaukarwa mai ban mamaki, kyakkyawan haɗuwa da hankali tare da motsa jiki. Barancin gazawa: rashin cikakkiyar halayen tsaro;
- Pugs - karnuka masu aminci da aminci. Irin wannan abokiyar dangi tana da ƙarami, kazalika da fuska mai ban mamaki da ban dariya. Fa'idodi na nau'in: gunaguni da kwanciyar hankali, da kyautatawa da isasshen aiki. Rashin amfani na asali: dacewa cikin kulawa da zaɓin zaɓi mai kyau;
- Labrador Maidowa Shin shahararrun karnukan dangi ne a Amurka. Jinsin yana da kyau tare da yara na kowane zamani, kuma a halin yanzu yana ɗayan shahararrun karnukan aiki a duniya. Abubuwan fa'idodi na asali: abota da aminci, himma da inganci, da sadaukarwa mai ban mamaki. Lahani na asali: kusan babu shi;
- Dachshunds Shahararrun karnuka ne masu matukar ban sha'awa a Turai, waɗanda suka bambanta da hankalinsu da dabararsu, gami da halayyar kame kai a cikin wuraren da ba a sani ba. Fa'idodi daga nau'in: asali na asali mai kayatarwa, yanayin fara'a da kuma abokantaka ga wasu. Rashin amfanin gona: buƙatar samar da kulawa mai kyau da ciyarwa;
- Basset Hound - posarfafawa da karimci irin "karnukan dangi", waɗanda ke tattare da ƙarancin motsa jiki, saurin fahimta da aminci. Fa'idodi na nau'in: abota ga wasu, babu buƙatar samar da babban aiki na yau da kullun. Rashin Amincewa da Jinsi: Bai dace da iyalai tare da fifiko don salon rayuwa ba.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, karnukan dangi irin su Border Collie sun shahara sosai a kasashe da yawa. Koyaya, Rough Collies basu dace da iyalai da yara ƙanana ba, saboda haka galibi ana siyan su don matasa.
Karnuka abokan zama
Mafi yawanci, karnuka ne ke samun tsofaffi da masu kadaici waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaunataccen amintacce aboki. A wannan yanayin, dabbar aboki aboki ce ga rai, haka kuma mai sauraro mai sauraro da rashin buƙata, wanda ke da tasirin gaske a yanayin tunanin mutum. Lokacin zabar nau'in kare na aboki, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da halaye da aikin jiki na ba kawai dabbar dabbar gidan ba, har ma da mai shi mai yuwuwa, da kuma matakinsu na motsin rai:
- Pug - nau'in matsakaici, mai kyau don ƙaramin gidan birni. Irin waɗannan karnukan basu buƙatar kulawa mai rikitarwa kuma suna da mahimmanci game da abinci. Godiya ga kyawawan dabi'unsu da kuma kyakkyawar dabi'arsu, 'yan fulawa suna iya zama da mutane da kyau;
- Turanci cocker spaniel - nau'in da zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ga masu ritaya masu aiki ko marasa aure waɗanda ke bin tsarin rayuwa mai kyau. Irin wannan dabbar dabbar da ke da babban farin ciki tana tare da mai ita a kan tafiya da hawa keke. Mutanen Spaniels suna da halin fara'a da ɗabi'a mai kyau, kuma suna iya cajin maigidansu da kyawawan motsin rai, wanda ke faruwa ne saboda yanayi da hankali;
- Jamusanci spitz - nau'in tare da abota da yanayi mai laushi, saurin daidaitawa da canje-canje a cikin mahalli. Spitz yana cike da saurin hankali, kulawa mai kyau da kuma cikakken hankali.
Abokan da suka dace ga mai gida wanda ke son tafiyar hawainiya zai kasance Pekingese, Shih Tzu da Lhasa Apso, waɗanda sanannun ƙarami ne, 'yanci da rashin fitina.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Dangane da lura da gogaggun masu kula da kare, marassa kyau da matsakaitan dabbobi, gami da Maltese lapdog, Pekingese, Boston Terrier da Scotch Terrier, suma za'a iya daukar su a matsayin karnuka abokan tafiya.
Masu kare kare
Abubuwan kulawa na kare na kare ƙayyadaddun dalilai biyu: halaye na asali da tsarin horo. Shahararrun kungiyoyin sa ido sun hada da:
- Karejin Makiyayan Caucasian;
- Kudancin Rasha Makiyayi makiyayi;
- Karen makiyayan Asiya na tsakiya;
- Kungiyar Kula da Mosko;
- Dogo Argentino;
- Makiyayin Jamus;
- Rariya
- Ullarin Bullmastiff;
- Doberman.
Ya kamata a san cewa kowane irin agogo yana da halin ƙazanta, saboda haka, yana buƙatar zamantakewar jama'a da horo na farko.
Daga ina dabi'un karnuka suke?
Idan mai kare bai yi "bayanin" dabi'un da za a yarda da su ba ga dabbobin sa ta hanyar horo, to kare na kokarin koyon abubuwan da ke kewaye da shi shi kadai, ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure. Yawancin matsalolin halayya suna ɓacewa yayin da dabbar gidan ta girma kuma ta haɗu da wasu dokoki ko buƙatu. Kyawawan halaye da halaye marasa kyau sun dogara da nau'in halayen kare.
Kyawawan halaye
Karnukan Sanguine suna da mafi kyawun yanayi na kiyayewa. Irin waɗannan dabbobin gida suna da nutsuwa, da sauri suna dacewa da kowane canje-canje a cikin mahalli, kuma suna da halin daidaito ga sauran dabbobi da yara. Karen sanguine na iya jimre wa damuwa da kyau kuma yana da tsarin daidaitaccen tsari.
Karnukan Choleric suna da saurin tashin hankali fiye da dabbobin gidan sanguine. Irin waɗannan dabbobin suna aiki sosai, suna da kusan yin martani kai tsaye ga duk wani motsawar waje. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, karen mawaƙin mawaƙi yana da wahami don ilimantarwa, wanda ya faru ne saboda kuzarin da ba za a iya sokewa ba da kuma ƙarancin matakin maida hankali. Ana ba da shawarar zaɓar dabbobi tare da halayen mawaƙa don mutane masu aiki sosai.
Munanan halaye
Karnukan phlegmatic suna da nutsuwa har ma da yanayi, suna iya tsayayya da manyan abubuwa kuma suna kula da yara da kyau, amma suna da wahalar koyo kuma galibi suna da halaye da ba'a so. Areananan halaye na halin-haushi sun haɗa da karnukan mawuyacin hali, waɗanda ke tattare da kunya da rashin yanke hukunci, kuma suna dacewa da halayen waje.
Ya kamata a sani cewa yawanci karnukan da ke da munanan halaye galibi kwararru ne ke aiwatar da su, gami da masu kiwo da masu horo, waɗanda ke cire mutanen da ba su dace ba a farkon matakin ci gaba, a cikin ƙuruciya.
Shin kuna buƙatar horar da kare?
Kuna iya ƙayyade buƙatar horo idan kun mai da hankali kan alamun masu zuwa:
- dabbar dabba tana da halaye na ban mamaki a gaban baƙo;
- kare "mara kyau" yayin ciyarwa, ya ƙi cin abinci;
- dabba yana nuna rashin biyayya lokaci-lokaci;
- dabbar gidan ta nuna rashin gamsuwa da halayyar maigidan ko kuma danginsa;
- kare yana da rikici ga matasa da tsofaffi danginsa ko koyaushe yana buƙatar ƙara kulawa.
Dangane da ƙwararrun masu kula da kare, halayen dabbar dabba ana yin ta ne kawai da shekaru, saboda haka, farawa daga ƙuruciya, ya zama dole a fara kiwon da horar da kare.
Horon mai son
Halin na yau da kullun ko mai son motsa jiki yana da halin rashin dokokin gwaji, don haka kowane maigidan da kansa yana koyar da dabbobin nasa dabarun da yake ganin ya zama dole. Nuna horo ko ikon kare don nuna kansa a cikin zobe, shiri don gasawar tashin hankali, kare gida da mai shi kuma ana iya tura shi zuwa wannan rukunin.
Kwarewar masu sana'a
Dukkanin kwasa-kwasan horon da aka sani a yau ana iya raba su zuwa siffofin masu zuwa:
- Horarwar daidaitawa... Ciki da ƙwarewar ba kai hari ga baƙi ko dabbobin wasu mutane ba tare da ƙungiya ba, rashin tsoron jigilar birni. A cikin kasarmu, gyare-gyare daban-daban sun yadu musamman, gami da tsarin biyayya ko COP;
- Horo na musamman... Ana amfani dashi sosai a bangarori daban daban kuma ya haɗa da ƙwarewar neman ƙwayoyi da abubuwan fashewa, jagororin makafi, sintiri da sabis na masu gadi;
- Horon gwaji... An gabatar da shi ta hanyar gwajin gwaji don halayen halayen dabbobin da ake buƙata, gami da SchH da IPO.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Musamman sanannen shine horarwa ta banbanci ta amfani da abubuwa na dukkanin hanyoyin guda uku, gami da aikin inji, mai raɗaɗi ko mara zafi, ta inda ake samun nasarar aikin da ake so daga kare.
Ana amfani da yankuna da yawa, gami da horar da kanikanci, horo mai ƙarfafa ɗanɗano bisa ga hanyar Durov... Hakanan hanya ma ta iyakance yiwuwar kuskure da maimaitawa ta musamman ko makarantar horas da yan sanda.
Yadda zaka fahimci karen ka
Don fahimtar sha'awar kare ku, kuna buƙatar koyon yadda za ku gane alamun sigina da dabbobinku suka bayar:
- a cikin tabbaci da annashuwa, kare yana tsaye, a hankali yana girgiza jelarsa, ana rufe bakin ko ɗan buɗe, kuma idanun suna da ƙananan yara;
- wani kare mai firgitarwa ko firgita yana tsaye, dan lankwasawa, ya boye jelarsa a karkashin cikinsa, ya danne kunnuwansa ya bude idanunsa sosai;
- a cikin yanayi na tashin hankali, kare yana da mawuyacin hali, ya daga sama ko kuma ya ja da baya da wutsiya mai tsananin wahala, sannan kuma ya tayar da abun.
- a cikin mummunan yanayi mai firgitarwa, kare ya kankanta, ya boye jelarsa gaba daya a karkashin ciki ya danna kunnuwansa, ya bude idanunsa sosai.
Maganganun maganganu daga kare sun haɗa da ihu, ƙara, gunaguni ko "gunaguni", kuka da haushi, wanda na iya zama babba ko ƙasa.
Nasihu don zaɓar kare
Ya kamata a mai da hankali ga mahimman sigogi na zaɓaɓɓu, waɗanda ke tattare da rikitarwa na kulawa da sauƙi na horo, ɗabi'a ga tsofaffi da ƙananan yara. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da halayen halayen kare:
- Mastiffs da St. Bernards, da sauran manyan dabbobi, yawanci suna da matsala game da tsarin musculoskeletal;
- Ingilishi Bulldog na Ingilishi da ƙarfi sosai cikin dare, kuma yana da wahalar jure kowane sauyin yanayi, haɗe da zafi;
- Dachshunds a cikin samartaka yana tattare da haɗarin haɗarin ɓarkewar ƙafafun kafa da baya;
- kasancewar fatar fata a cikin Shar Pei da Mastino-Neapolitano galibi shine sababin ci gaban makantar da ke da alaka da shekaru;
- Tsoffin Karnuka Makiyayan Jamusanci suna fama da matsalolin fitsari da nakasa mara cikin jiki wanda ke haifar da jiki.
Lokacin zabar kwikwiyo, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a lokacin da yake da wata biyu zaka iya yanke hukunci sosai game da yanayin rayuwar dabbar da zata zo nan gaba, biyo bayan abinda tayi game da abubuwan da suka faru a waje.
Halin mai shi da sauran yan uwa
Sau da yawa, ayyukan malami na kare da 'yan uwa wadanda ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba sukan shafi halayen dabbar layyar da tsokanar bayyanar halaye marasa kyau a cikin dabbar. Zagi, amfani da rashin da'a ko ƙarfin jiki yayin horo ko aiwatar da ilimi na iya lalata halayen kare.
Bugawa, da mari da mari a hanci na iya juya dabbar da ta isa cikin tsoro da mummunan kare wanda ke zama babbar barazana ga kowa da kowa. Ba wai kawai halin da bai dace ba game da kare zai iya lalata halayen dabbar dabba, amma kuma ƙaunaci da yawa, tare da halattawa da haɗin kai.
Mahimmanci! Dabbar da ta lalace ta nuna hali yadda bai dace ba, saboda haka an hana shi bi da dabbar daga tebur.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ya zama wajibi a bayyana wa yara dokokin halaye tare da kare.... In ba haka ba, har ma da mafi kyawun yanayin kare yana iya nuna zalunci da haifar da cizo. Abu ne mai matukar wahala ka sarrafa karen da bai dace ba, kuma a wasu lokuta ba shi yiwuwa.
