Duk wakilan dangin salmon suna da kimar azancin taushin jikinsu da kuma babban caviar mai daɗi. Chum salmon ba banda bane - kifi ne mai wahala, wanda aka kama a sikeli na masana'antu kuma musamman ma mutanen da ke Gabas ta Tsakiya suka ƙaunace shi.
Bayanin chum
Akwai nau'ikan 2 irin kifin kifin, wanda aka rarrabe ta lokacin gudu: bazara (girma zuwa 60-80 cm) da kaka (70-100 cm). Salmon na lokacin bazara yana girma a hankali fiye da kifin kifin na kaka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa gaba ɗaya baya ga na biyu a girman.
Mahimmanci! Kifin da ba shi da daɗi shi ne waɗanda suke ciyar da wani sashe na rayuwarsu a cikin teku, ɗayan kuma a cikin rafuka masu gudana a cikin ta (yayin ɓarna).
Bayyanar
Chum yana da babban kai mai maƙala tare da ƙananan idanu, tare da kunkuntar, madaidaiciya kuma mai tsayi babba na sama... Jiki ya dan matse a bangarorin biyu kuma yayi tsawo. Abun da firam (na tsuliya da na bayan jiki) sun fi nesa nesa da kai fiye da wutsiya.
Yawancin yawancin kifin kifin yana kama da kifin kifin mai ruwan hoda, amma, ba kamar shi ba, yana da manyan sikeli da ƙananan raƙuman gill. Hakanan, kifin kifin ba shi da tabo baƙaƙen fata a kan ƙarancin caudal da jiki. Kuma halaye na jima'i na biyu a cikin kifin kifin (akan bangon ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda) ba su cika bayyana ba.
A cikin ruwan teku, babban, kifin mai tsawon gaske yana walƙiya da azurfa. A wannan lokacin, kifin kifin yana da danshi da nama ja mai haske. Yayinda zuriya ke gabatowa, sauye-sauye na ilimin lissafi suna farawa, mafi mahimmanci ga maza.
Launin azurfa yana canzawa zuwa rawaya-launin ruwan kasa, launuka masu launin shuɗi masu haske suna bayyana a gefen, fatar ta yi kauri, kuma sikeli ya zama mara nauyi. Jiki yana girma cikin faɗi kuma, kamar yadda yake, yana daɗaɗa, a cikin maza an laɓe muƙamuƙi, a kan abin da hakoransu masu lankwasa suke girma.
Kusa da yaduwar haihuwa, kifin ya fi baki (a waje da ciki). Tushen gill arches, harshe da palate suna samun launi mai baƙar fata, kuma naman ya zama mai farauta da fari. Chum kifin kifin a cikin wannan jihar ana kiransa kifin kifi - namansa bai dace da mutane ba, amma karnuka za su iya amfani da shi a yanayin yukola.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Mai rikodin rikodin hukuma mafi girma shine kifin kifin da aka kama a yammacin lardin Kanada, British Columbia. Kofin ya jawo kilo 19 tare da tsayin cm 112. Gaskiya ne, mazauna Khabarovsk suna da'awar cewa fiye da sau ɗaya suka ɗebo kifin kifin daga Kogin Okhota na yankin mita 1.5 kowannensu.
Halin kifi
Rayuwar kifin kifin ya kasu zuwa gida biyu: ciyarwa (lokacin ruwa) da kuma haifar da ruwa (kogi). Kashi na farko yana nan har zuwa balaga. Lokacin ciyarwa, kifin yayi ta jujjuyawa kuma yana da nauyi a cikin tekun, nesa da kan iyakokin bakin teku. Haihuwa yawanci yakan faru ne a shekara ta 3-5, ƙasa da sau 6-7.
Da zaran kifin salmon ya shiga zamanin haihuwa, ba wai kawai bayyanarsa ba, har ma salonsa yana canzawa sosai. Halin kifin ya lalace kuma zalunci ya bayyana. Chum kifin kifin da ke cikin babbar garken don yin ƙaura zuwa bakin kogi inda ake haifar da ɓarna.
Matsakaicin girman kifin da zai fantsama: iri-iri na bazara - 0.5 m, kaka - daga 0.75 zuwa 0.8 m. Takalma koyaushe ana rarrabewa zuwa manyan mutane masu balaga da waɗanda ba su balaga ba.... Wadanda ba su da shirin yin haihuwa sun koma yankin kudu. Samfurori masu balaga na jima'i suna ci gaba da tafiya zuwa wuraren da ake yin haihuwar, daga inda ba a ƙaddara su dawo ba.
Salmon na lokacin bazara yana shiga cikin rafuka (wanda yake da ma'ana) a gabanin kifin kifin na kaka, yana tsayar da aikinsa zuwa farkon kaka iri-iri. Bazara yakan sanya ƙwai kwanaki 30 kafin lokacin kaka, amma na ƙarshen ya wuce ta yawan ƙwai.
Tsawon rayuwa
An yi amannar cewa tsawon rayuwar kifin salmon ya faɗi tsakanin tazarar 6-7, aƙalla shekaru 10.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Daga cikin sauran salmon na Pacific, kifin kifin yana rarrabe ta mafi tsawo da fadi. A yamma da Tekun Fasifik, yana zaune daga Bering Strait (arewa) zuwa Koriya (kudu). Don yaduwar shi ya shiga cikin kogunan ruwa na Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Amurka (daga Alaska zuwa California).
Salmon na Chum ana samunsa da yawa, musamman, a cikin kogin Amur da Okhota, da kuma a Kamchatka, Tsibirin Kuril da Sakhalin. Yankin rarraba kifin kifin kuma ya rufe bakin Tekun Arctic, a cikin kogunan da (Indigirka, Lena, Kolyma da Yana) suka sami kifi.
Abinci, abinci mai gina jiki
Lokacin da kifi ya tashi haihuwa a gaba daya, sukan daina cin abinci, wanda ke haifar da gabobin narkewar abinci.
A lokacin ciyarwa, menu na manya ya ƙunshi:
- kayan kwalliya;
- kifin kifin (ƙarami);
- oftenasa sau da yawa - ƙananan kifi (gerbils, smelt, herring).
Shekarun dawan kifin da ake kira chum salmon ke tsiro, ana maye gurbin ƙananan kifi a cikin abincin sa da zooplankton.
Fry ci da yawa, ƙara daga 2.5 zuwa 3.5% na nauyin kansu kowace rana... Suna cinye ƙwayoyin kwari, ƙwayoyin ruwa (ƙarami) har ma da gawawwakin tsofaffin danginsu, gami da iyayensu.
Salmon wanda bai balaga ba (30-40 cm) yana tafiya a cikin teku yana da nasa fifikon gastronomic:
- crustaceans (juriya da heteropods);
- pteropods;
- wando;
- krill;
- tsefe jellies;
- kananan kifi (anchovies, smelt, flounder / gobies, gerbils, herring);
- kananan yara squid
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kifin kifin salmon sau da yawa yakan faɗi a kan abin ƙugiya lokacin kamun kifi tare da raƙuman ruwa da ƙugiya. Don haka tana kare offspringa heran da zata haifa daga ƙananan kifin da ke cin ƙwai mai ƙwai.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Salmon na lokacin bazara yana bazuwa daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, kaka kalmon kifi daga Satumba zuwa Nuwamba (Sakhalin) da kuma Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba (Japan). Bugu da kari, hanyar zuwa wurin yaduwar halittu don jinsin rani ya fi gajarta nesa ba kusa ba da na jinsunan kaka. Misali, a lokacin rani akan Amur, kifin ya shawo kan kilomita 600-700 daga hawan sama, kuma a cikin faɗuwar - kusan dubu 2.
Kifin Salmon ya shiga cikin kogunan Amurka (Columbia da Yukon) har ma daga bakin - nesa da kusan kilomita dubu 3. Don filayen haɓaka, kifi suna neman yankuna tare da kwanciyar hankali da ƙanƙan dutse, tare da yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau don haɓaka (daga +1 zuwa + 12 digiri Celsius). Gaskiya ne, a cikin tsananin sanyi, caviar yakan lalace, tunda filayen da ke haifar da daskarewa zuwa ƙasa.
Da suka isa wurin da aka hayayyafa, an raba kifin zuwa garken tumaki wanda ya kunshi maza da yawa mace ɗaya. Maza suna korar kifin wasu mutane, suna kare kifinsu. Latterarshen ramin caviar ne wanda aka rufe da yashi. Ginin yana da faɗi 1.5-2 m kuma tsawon 2-3 m.
Clutaya daga cikin kama ya ƙunshi ƙwai kusan 4000... Gida da sake haihuwa yana daga kwana 3 zuwa 5. A ɗan fiye da mako, mace har yanzu tana kare gida, amma bayan aƙalla kwanaki 10 sai ta mutu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kifin kifin yana da manyan ƙwai mai zurfin lemu mai diamita 7.5-9 mm. Launin launi yana da alhakin satar da tsutsa tare da iskar oxygen (tsawon kwanaki 90-120) har sai ta zama cikakken soya.
Wasu kwanaki 80 kuma ana amfani dasu a kan resorption na jakar kwai, bayan haka sai soya ta garzaya zuwa kasa zuwa ruwan tekun (bakin teku). Har zuwa lokacin bazara mai zuwa, soyayyen yana cin abinci a cikin rami da bays, kuma idan sun girma, sai su yi iyo a cikin tekun, nesa da rafuffukan da ke kwararar koguna.
Commercialimar kasuwanci ta kifin kifin kifi yana da mahimmanci, kifi ya kama shi da yawa
Makiya na halitta
An lissafa kifi a cikin rijistar makiya na halitta na chum roe da soya:
- char da furfura;
- kunja da burbot;
- Asiya ta narke;
- nelma da minnow;
- lenok da malma;
- fitila da kaluga.
Babban mutum da girma kifin kifi yana da jerin sunayen marasa kyau, wanda ya ƙunshi dabba mai farauta da tsuntsaye:
- beyar;
- hatimin banbanci;
- beluga kifi whale;
- otter;
- kogin gull;
- nutse;
- tern;
- merganser.
Darajar kasuwanci
Ana gudanar da kamun kifin na masana'antar kifin kifin a kan sikeli mai yawa, amma, ana girbe shi a ƙarami (idan aka kwatanta da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda).
Daga cikin kayan kamun kifin na gargajiya akwai raga (na shawagi / tsayayye) da seines (jaka / labule). A cikin ƙasarmu, ana kama kifin kifi mai yawan gaske tare da saƙar raga a tsakiyar rafin kogi da yankunan estuarine na teku.... Kari akan haka, kifin kifin da ake kira chum ya daɗe da zama kyakkyawar manufa ga mafarauta.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Bayan lokaci, yana yiwuwa a yarda da masunta Jafanawa, amma yawancin tsire-tsire masu sarrafa kifi (da ƙauyukan kamun kifi) ba a sake dawo da su ba.
Don kada kamun yayi mummunan, tsire-tsire masu sarrafa yanayi suna kusa da filin kamun kifi. Kimanin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, yawancin irin waɗannan masana'antun sun tsaya saboda laifin Japan, wanda ya tura fiye da kilomita dubu 15 na hanyoyin sadarwa akan iyakar ruwan Tarayyar Soviet. Kifin Salmon (chum salmon) ba zai iya komawa ba zuwa tabkuna da kogunan Kamchatka, zuwa filayen haihuwar gargajiya, wanda ya rage yawan kifaye masu mahimmanci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Mafarauta da ganima, da kuma lalacewar mahalli na kifin salmon sun haifar da raguwar yawan jama'a a cikin Rasha.
Matakan kariya ne kawai da aka sanar a matakin jiha suka ba da damar sake dawo da yawan (ya zuwa yanzu)... A zamanin yau, kamun kifin kifin don mayu yanada iyaka kuma an ba da izinin ne bayan siyan lasisi.
