Kiwi (Artеryх) shine kawai wakilin jinsin bera daga dangi daya (Artеrygidae) da kuma umarnin kiwiformes, ko tsuntsaye marasa fuka (Artеrygifоrеs). Kwayar halittar ta hada da nau'ikan halittu guda biyar wadanda suke da cutar a New Zealand. Tsuntsun dangin dangi ne na kwaskwarima da emu.
Bayanin tsuntsun kiwi
Kiwis alama ce ta New Zealand, kuma ana iya samun hoton wannan tsuntsu a kan tambari da kuma tsabar kuɗi.... Bayyanar da dabi'un kiwi suna da ban mamaki kuma sun sha bamban da kwatanci da halayen halaye na wasu tsuntsayen wanda masanin dabbobi William Calder ya kira irin waɗannan wakilai masu haske na iyalin Artérygidae da "dabbobi masu daraja".
Bayyanar
Kiwi ba su da ƙarfi. Girman irin wannan babban tsuntsu babba ne, bai wuce girman kajin talakawa ba. Don kiwi, dimorphism na dabi'a ne, kuma mata koyaushe sun fi maza girma. Jikin tsuntsun yana da siffar pear. Kan yana karami, yana kan gajeriyar wuya. Matsakaicin nauyin jiki na balagaggu na iya bambanta tsakanin kilogram 1.4-4.0.
Kiwi yana da halin kasancewar mafi girman rage fuka-fuki, idan aka kwatanta shi da dukkan tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a yau. Fuka-fukan ba su wuce 50 mm ba, saboda haka kusan ba za a iya ganin su a ƙarƙashin ƙirar da ke da kyau ba. Koyaya, kiwi sun kiyaye dabi'un tsuntsaye, kuma yayin hutawa suna ɓoye bakinsu ƙarƙashin fikafikan.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Hannun jikin tsuntsaye an rufe shi da fuka-fuka masu launin shuɗi mai haske ko launin ruwan kasa mai haske, wanda yayi kama da kamannin ulu. Kiwis basu da jela. Theafafun tsuntsu masu yatsu huɗu ne, a takaice kuma masu ƙarfi sosai, sanye take da kaɓu masu kaifi. Kwancen yana wakiltar ƙashi mai nauyi.
Kiwi tsuntsu ne wanda yafi dogaro da rashin ganinsa, wanda aka samar dashi ta ƙananan idanu, amma akan ingantaccen ji da kuma bayyana ƙamshi. Tsuntsun yana da dogon baki, sassauƙa, siriri kuma madaidaiciya ko ɗan lanƙwasa baki, wanda a cikin babban namiji zai iya kai tsawon 9.5-10.5 cm Tsawon bakin macen ya ɗan fi tsayi, kuma ya bar kimanin 11.0-12.0 cm. Harshen Kiwi ya ragu. Kusa da gemun baki, gabobin taɓawa suna nan, wakiltar ƙusoshin bristles ko vibrissae.
Yanayin zafin jikin mutum na kiwi shine 38 ° C, wanda yake kusan kusan matakan digiri ƙasa da na sauran nau'o'in tsuntsaye da yawa. Wannan matakin ya fi dacewa da yanayin jikin yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ya kamata a san cewa layin kiwi yana da takamammen ƙamshin ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, wanda ba shi da kamshi kamar ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Hanyoyin hancin Kiwi suna budewa a karshen baki, yayin da a wasu jinsunan tsuntsaye suke a gindin beken.
Godiya ga wannan fasalin cewa tsuntsun yana da matukar rauni ga yawancin masu cin karensa ba babbaka, waɗanda ke iya samun kiwi cikin sauƙin kamshi.
Salon rayuwa da hali
Wurin da aka fi so na kiwi shine damshi da yankuna gandun daji. Saboda kasancewar doguwar yatsun kafa, irin wannan tsuntsu ba wata hanyar makalewa cikin ƙasa mai dausayi ba. Yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a an bayyana su da kasancewar kusan tsuntsaye hudu ko biyar a kowace murabba'in kilomita murabba'i na yankin. Kiwis na dare ne kawai ko maraice.
A lokacin rana, kiwi na kokarin ɓoyewa a cikin rami na musamman, ramuka, ko ƙarƙashin asalin tsirrai. Misali, babban kiwi mai toka yana da ikon haƙa rami, wanda shine maze na gaske tare da fita da ƙofofi da yawa. A cikin yankunanta, wani babban mutum yakan sami mafaka kusan dozin biyar, wanda ke canzawa kowace rana.
Ramin da aka haƙa yana tsunduma cikin tsuntsayen makonni kaɗan bayan shiri... A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire suna da kyau ƙwarai, waɗanda ke zama kyakkyawan sutura don shiga mafakar. Wani lokaci kiwi a hankali yakan ɓoye gidansa, musamman rufe ɓangaren ƙofar tare da ganye da kuma tattara collectedan itace.
Da rana, tsuntsu na iya barin mafakarsa kawai idan ya kusanto da haɗari. Da daddare, tsuntsayen suna da motsi sosai, don haka yana kulawa da kewayen duk shafinsa.
Sirri da tsananin kunya yayin rana, tsuntsun yakan zama mai saurin tashin hankali da daddare. Kiwi na daga cikin nau'ikan tsuntsayen yanki, saboda haka, ma'auratan da ke saduwa, kuma musamman ma maza, suna kare matattarar gidajensu daga duk masu gasa.
Makamai masu haɗari, a wannan yanayin, ƙafafu ne masu ƙarfi da ci gaba, kazalika da dogon baki. Akwai lokuta lokacin da fada tsakanin tsuntsaye masu fafatawa ya mutu cikin ɗayan mutane.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Koyaya, yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da zub da jini tsakanin manya kiwis suna faruwa ba safai ba, kuma don kare iyakokin shafin, tsuntsayen sun fi so suyi amfani da babbar murya, ana jinsu sosai a nesa da kilomita da yawa.
Har yaushe kiwi ke rayuwa?
A cikin daji, tsawon rayuwar kiwi bai wuce wasu shekaru ba. Idan aka kiyaye shi da kyau, irin wannan tsuntsu yana da ikon rayuwa tsawon shekaru talatin, wani lokacin ma har da rabin karni.
Wurin zama da mazauni
Yankin yanki na rarraba kiwi shine yankin New Zealand. Akwai iri-iri kiwi ta Arewa ko Arteryx manteli a tsibirin Arewa, kuma tsuntsayen na nau'ikan halittu kamar na kowa ko A. australis, rovi ko A. rowi da babban kiwi mai launin toka ko A. haasti sun cika tsibirin Kudu gaba ɗaya. Hakanan ana samun wasu mutane a yankin tsibirin Kapiti.
Kiwi abinci da girbi
Kiwi ya fi son farauta da daddare, saboda haka, don neman abin farauta, irin wannan tsuntsu ya bar mafakarsa kusan rabin sa'a bayan rana ta faɗi ƙasa da sararin sama. Yawancin kwari da tsutsotsi, da kowane irin molluscs, ƙaramin amphibians kuma ba manya-manyan crustaceans ba, sune tushen abincin da wakilan Artеrykh suke.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana neman ganima don kiwi tare da taimakon kyakkyawan ƙamshi da ƙamshi mai kyau, kuma irin wannan tsuntsu yana iya samun sauƙin ƙanshin abinci ta hanyar lika dogon ɗan bakinsa a cikin ƙasa.
Don dalilan neman abinci, tsuntsayen kuma suna iya cin gajiyar abincin tsire, da yardar rai suna cin 'ya'yan itatuwa ko' ya'yan itace.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Kiwi na cikin jinsin tsuntsaye masu auren mata daya. A ƙa'ida, ana yin nau'ikan nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu iyali kusan sau biyu ko uku na saduwa, amma wani lokacin ma har tsawon rayuwa. Tsuntsayen yankuna da karfi suna kare duk yankin da suke ciki daga wasu dangi ko masu fafatawa. Kimanin sau biyu a mako, tsuntsaye suna haduwa a cikin burrow dinsu na gado, kuma suna yin kuwwa da ƙarfi tare da farkon lokacin dare. Lokacin saduwa daga Yuni ne zuwa farkon Maris.
Kiwi mace na sanya ɗaya ko biyu daga ƙwai a cikin shirin mink da aka shirya ko a ƙarƙashin tushen tsirrai. A lokacin kwanciya, mace na iya cinye kusan sau biyu zuwa uku fiye da yadda take a waje.
Kwanaki biyu kafin fara kwai, tsuntsun ya daina ciyarwa, wanda ya kasance ne saboda kwan da ya yi girma sosai kuma ya ɗauki sarari da yawa a jiki. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce, ba mace ce ke tsara ƙwai ba, amma namiji kiwi. Wani lokaci, musamman a lokacin ciyarwar, ana maye gurbin namiji a taƙaice da mace.
Matsakaicin lokacin shiryawa yana kasa da watanni uku... Aikin ƙyanƙyashewa yana ɗaukar couplean kwanaki, a yayin da kajin yake ƙoƙari ya fasa ƙwarjin da taimakon bakinshi da ƙafafunsa. Kajin kiwi da aka haifa sun riga sun fuka-fukai masu fuka-fukai, saboda abin da suka fi kama da manya. Abun lura ya nuna cewa nan da nan bayan haihuwar kajin, iyayen biyu sun bar zuriyarsu.
A cikin kwanaki ukun farko, ajiyar yolk ne kaɗai ke da alhakin ciyar da kajin. Kaji na mako-mako na iya barin gidansu, kuma yana da shekara biyu da haihuwa, 'ya'yan kiwi masu girma suna riga suna ƙoƙari su nemi abincin kansu da kansu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A farkon watannin farko da rabi, kaji na kiwi na ciyarwa ne kawai a rana, kuma sai kawai a canza zuwa maraice, wanda aka saba da irin wannan tsuntsu, salon rayuwa.
Yaran tsuntsaye kusan basa kare kansu, saboda haka, kusan 65-70% na yara sun zama masu fama da nau'ikan mafarauta. Ci gaban kajin ya zama sannu-sannu, kuma cikakken balagagge da balagaggun kiwi zasu iya zama kusan shekaru biyar. Maza daga cikin wakilan Artéryx sun kai ga balagar jima'in suna da shekara ɗaya da rabi.
Mata na samun ikon haifuwa kadan daga baya, a kusan shekaru biyu ko uku, amma wani lokacin ma a shekara biyar, kuma fasalin irin wannan tsuntsu shine kasancewar kwayayen da ke aiki. A rayuwarta, kiwi mace na iya yin kwai kusan ɗari.
Makiya na halitta
Har zuwa lokacin da yankunan karkara kamar yadda kuliyoyi, karnuka, weasel da marten, ɓata da haushi, thean tsuntsu mai "gashi" ba shi da maƙiyan makiya na zahiri waɗanda ke shafar jimlar adadin. Baya ga masu farauta, masu kama da tsuntsayen baƙi, da mafarauta, a halin yanzu babbar barazana ce ga yawan jama'a.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Saboda sirrinta, rayuwar dare, ba safai ake samun tsuntsu a cikin halitta, mazaunin ƙasa ba. Kuma wannan fasalin halayyar kiwi ne ya zama babban dalilin saukar masifa a cikin jimlar yawan wannan tsuntsayen da ba a saba gani ba, wanda ba a lura da shi nan da nan ba.
A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, idan shekaru dubu da suka gabata akwai sama da kiwi sama da miliyan goma sha biyu wadanda ke zaune a yankunan dazuzzuka a cikin New Zealand, to kafin 2004 yawan wannan tsuntsayen ya ragu fiye da sau goma, kuma sun kai kimanin dubu saba'in.
Dangane da abubuwan da masana suka gani, yawan ƙarancin wakilan Artеryх har zuwa kwanan nan kusan 5-6% na mutane na jimlar yawan jama'a a kowace shekara. Babban abin da ya harzuka wannan matsalar shi ne gabatar da wasu mahautan da Turawa suka yi wa tsibirin.
Babu wata illa ga adadin kiwi da aka samu ta hanyar raguwar kaifi a yankin yankunan koren daji.
Mahimmanci! Duk da wadatar juriya da juriya ga cututtuka da yawa, kiwis suna da matukar wahala ga mahimman canje-canje a cikin yanayin.
Jihar ta dauki kwararan matakai da nufin dawo da yawan jinsunan tsuntsaye da ke cikin hatsari. An fiye da shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, an ƙaddamar da wani shiri na ƙasa wanda ya haɗa da matakan kariya, wanda ya ba da damar rage ƙimar raguwar yawan kiwi.
A cikin yanayin sake-sake zama a mazaunin, tsuntsayen da aka haifa a zaman talala sun sami tushe cikin yanayin yanayi... Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yawan adadin dabbobi masu farauta, wadanda suka kasance abokan gaba na kiwi, an kuma sanya su cikin matakan tallafi na jihar.
Nau'ikan Artеry Three guda uku, waɗanda gama gari, manyan launin toka da ƙananan kiwi suka wakilta, an lasafta su a cikin shafukan littafin Red Book na duniya kuma suna da matsayin masu rauni ko Vulnerablе. Sabon nau'in kiwi na arewa na daga jinsunan tsuntsaye masu hatsari ko masu Haɗari. Jinsi na Rovi tsuntsu ne wanda a halin yanzu yake da Matsayi na Nationasarwa na orasa ko Tsarin Nationasa.
