Dabbar da ke da suna mai ban dariya "lambun dormouse" ya kasance maƙwabta tare da mu tsawon shekaru, amma saboda salon rayuwarsa na maraice, da kyar ya hadu da shi. Kuma wannan shine mafi kyawu - da wuya aƙalla aƙalla mazaunin rani ɗaya zai gode wa ɓarawo don lalata girbinsa. Hakanan ana ganin wannan kwaro mai kwarjini mai ɗauke da ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Bayanin lambun dormouse
Ta yi kama da kyakkyawar linzamin kwamfuta, wacce ta canza kayanta masu launin toka zuwa launuka biyu (a ƙasa - fari, sama - launin toka-ruwan kasa-ƙasa) kuma ta haskaka idanunta da kayan kwalliya masu sanƙo. Wani dalla-dalla wanda ya bambanta dormouse daga jirgin sama shine wutsiya mai launi uku.
Bayyanar
A cikin dangin dormice na asali, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 28, ana ɗaukar dormouse ɗayan mafi kyawu... Yana da wuya a tsayayya da kyawun wannan kyakkyawar fuska mai haske da idanu masu ƙyalli, kunnuwa zagaye da kuma ƙyalli mai tsayi.
Lambun Aljannar ya girma har zuwa 11-16 cm tare da nauyin 60-140 g da jelar girman 9 zuwa 14 cm. Karkashin gabansa da yatsu huɗu sun fi guntu da na baya, kuma ƙafafun baya suna da ƙanƙanta kuma suna da tsayi. Legsafafun gaba suna ƙare da yatsun kafa huɗu, inda na uku da na huɗu suka fi na farko da na biyu tsayi. A ƙafafun bayan baya, yatsan kafa na huɗu ne kaɗai ya fito fili cikin girman.
Beran yana da nau'i huɗu na mammary gland da gajeren gashi mai launi mai canzawa: a bayanta, yana tafiya daga launin toka-zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi, a ciki yana iya zama fari ko kirim. Gashin ya rufe jelar gaba daya, yana tsawaita yayin da yake matsowa kan tip, inda yake juyawa zuwa kusan goga mai fadi.
Lambun gidan Aljanna, waɗanda ke zaune a yankunan kudu na kewayon, sun fi launi launi fiye da dangin su na arewa, kuma ba su kai na ƙarshen girma ba.
Salon rayuwa
Aikin Rodent yana da iyaka zuwa watanni 4.5 a shekara kuma yana faɗuwa a lokacin dumi. Yanayin ƙara farkawa yana kunna a magriba da dare, lokacin dormouse yana bincika yankin don neman abinci mai dacewa. Dabba mai laushi yana hawa bishiyoyi kuma yana gudu a kasa daidai, amma duk da haka, ba safai ake samun hanyoyinsa ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Kamar kowane mai bacci, sandar lambu yawanci takan yi tsalle (gallop), wani lokacin takan dauki mataki. Tare da hanyar motsawa ta biyu, ƙafafun kafa na baya an ɗora su a kan waƙa daga na gaba.
Lambun Aljanna sun fi son kaɗaici, kawai a wasu lokutan suna bin irin nasu a lokacin dogon hunturu. Gidajen an gina su a duk mafi ƙarancin matsugunai, misali:
- a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi, yawanci yankewa (itacen oak, Linden da aspen);
- a cikin tsohuwar kututture;
- a karkashin akwatunan da aka zubar;
- a cikin ramuka ta karkashin kasa;
- a cikin gidajen tsuntsaye;
- a cikin gidajen roba.
Sau da yawa tsofaffin nest na jay, magpie ko thrush kan zama matattarar mafakar bacci.... Theananan sanduna suna haɓaka su da sabbin bishiyoyi, suna zagaye siffar gida kuma suna ba da fitarwa a ɓangaren ta na baya.
Kuna iya fahimtar cewa dormouse na lambu sun zauna a cikin gida / gidan tsuntsaye ta wani takamaiman ƙamshi, kasancewar dusar ƙanƙan a ƙasa / rufin da ragowar abincin da ke halayyar (tarkacen fata, ulu, gashin tsuntsaye da chitin na kwari).
Ernaura
Waɗanda kawai '' ke arewacin '' masu bacci ne kawai ke faɗuwa da gaske a ciki: a kudancin kewayon, rashin kwanciyar hankali yana wucewa kuma gajere ne. Ana lura da berayen da ke farkewa na ƙarshe a ƙarshen Satumba: a wannan lokacin suna samun ƙiba mai kyau, sau 2-3 sun fi nauyi. Baccin bacci ba tare da kayan hunturu ba, amma wani lokacin sukan ja wasu bangarori daban zuwa cikin buhunansu.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ruwan sanyi na rukuni na al'ada ne ga samari, galibi suna rarrafe zuwa cikin matsugunai marasa rauni, inda dormouse ke daskarewa har ya mutu ko kuma ya zama ganima ga karnuka da dila.
Matsayin gidan hunturu yawanci shine:
- burrows na sauran rodents;
- cavities ƙarƙashin duwatsu / tushen;
- amya ta kudan zuma;
- rubabben kututture;
- sheds da attics;
- rumbuna da wuraren ajiya.
Bayan yanke shawara akan ɗakunan, dormouse ya gina ƙwallo (kusan 20 cm a diamita), ya rufe shi da ganye / ulu daga waje, kuma ya lulluɓe shi da gansakuka, ciyawa, fuka-fukai da ƙananan ƙanƙani daga ciki.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Gidan lambu ya zaɓi gandun dajin da ke tsakiyar tsaunuka da kuma filayen Arewacin Afirka, Turai da ƙananan tekun Bahar Rum.
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana samunsa a yankunanta na yamma, yana fuskantar gabas da arewa. An ga Sonya a cikin yankunan Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, a cikin Ural ta Kudu da kuma yankin Lower Kama.
Ya fi son shimfidawa da gandun daji masu gauraye, inda itacen oak, da ƙanƙara, da ƙwan tsuntsu, da maple, da Linden, da toka da daddawa suka yi girma... Sau da yawa yakan zaɓi wurare kusa da mutum - sarari, lambuna, gefunan daji da tsofaffin gine-gine kusa da gandun daji.
Makiya na halitta
Ana farautar dormouse ta Aljanna ta:
- mujiya (dogon kunnuwa, mujiya da fadama);
- karnuka da kuliyoyi;
- shaho da gaggafa;
- marten (marten, polecat da ermine);
- dawakai.
A cikin gwagwarmaya don tushen abinci, dormouse yana da rashin nasara ga abokan hamayyarsu - berayen launin toka.
Abinci, lambun abinci na dormouse
Wannan sandararren, saboda yawan komai, ba zai taba mutuwa da yunwa ba, tunda a sauƙaƙe yana sauyawa daga ciyayi zuwa abincin dabbobi, yana fifita na ƙarshen duka.
Lambun lambun ba tare da gajiyawa ba suna yawo a ƙasa don neman abinci, suna ɗebo hazel da beech beet, acorns, Elm, Linden da iri na coniferous. A cikin gidajen rani, yana cinye pears, cherries, apples, inabi, peach kuma da ƙyar cin abinci (sabanin sauran dormouse) ganye.
Yana fitar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, gami da ƙwari, daga cikin dajin... Orthoptera yana dandanawa daga kai, amma baya cin fukafukai da kafafu. Yana tsotse mollusks ta hanyar yin rami a cikin kwasfa. Ana shan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwai tsuntsu a cikin hanya ɗaya. Ba tsoron afkawa kananan dabbobi da tsuntsaye ba.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lambun dormouse yana rage yawan ƙananan tsuntsaye. Mafi girman lalacewa ana haifar da su daga cikin su waɗanda suke yin bucuri a cikin ramuka. Sananne ne cewa a cikin rami, tana iya sauƙaƙa ma'amala da nauyin nauyi daidai.
Shiga cikin mazaunin ɗan adam, beraye yana ɓata abinci - busassun 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa, hatsi da busasshen kifi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Bayan an farka daga bacci, masu bacci suna fara haihuwa, mantawa da hutun rana. Dabbobi suna gudana da yawa, suna barin alamomi a kan kututture, tushe da duwatsu. Saukewa ya yi daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba: a wannan lokacin, mace na kawo zuriyar dabbobi guda, sau da yawa sau biyu.
Balagagge mace takan kira namiji da busa... Masu gwagwarmaya suna amsawa da sauti mai kama da ruwan zãfi a cikin butar ruwa, ba tare da mantawa da kora da cizon abokan hamayya ba. An kafa nau'i-nau'i don kwanaki da yawa, bayan haka abokin tarayya yana fallasa ko barin namiji, yana barin gida kanta.
Haihuwa bata wuce wata daya (kwanaki 22-28) kuma ta kare da bayyanar makafi 2-7, tsirara da yara marasa ji, wadanda suke ganin ganinsu a karshen sati na uku. A cikin wata ɗaya, sun riga sun ciyar da kansu kuma suna yawo cikin fayil ɗaya bayan mahaifiyarsu, suna manne da gashinta da kuma juna.
Wata 2 bayan haihuwa, uwa tana barin 'ya'yan, waɗanda ke rayuwa tare na ɗan lokaci. Bayan lokacin hunturu na farko, dormouse sun riga sun kasance shirye don zama iyaye da kansu. An kimanta rayuwar ɗan sanda a kusan shekaru 5.
Adana kayan lambu a gida
Wannan sandararren yana buƙatar shimfidar fili (ba mai tsayi sosai ba, amma faɗi) tare da dusar ƙanƙara, guntun guntun kututture, manyan rassa da keken gudu. An shimfiɗa Moss da turf a ƙasan, gidan tsuntsaye (zai fi dacewa biyu) tare da murfin cirewa an rataye a bango.
Mahimmanci! Gidan tsuntsaye na biyu yana aiki ne a matsayin wurin canza wuri, yayin da na farkon yake cikin tsaftacewa gabaɗaya tare da tsabtace shi daga kwandon ruwa, ragowar abinci da sauran tarkace. Kuma sau da yawa za a tsabtace gidajen tsuntsaye saboda jarabar da dormouse ke yi wa abincin dabbobi, wanda ke saurin ruɓewa.
Dormouse a cikin fursuna ya ƙunshi:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itace (ciki har da busassun);
- kwayoyi da 'ya'yan sunflower;
- kankana (kankana, kankana da kabewa);
- tsire-tsire na daji, haushi da toho;
- tashi kwatangwalo, toka ta dutse da viburnum;
- kyankyasai da kunkuru;
- tsutsar abinci da malam buɗe ido;
- kwai, madara da ɗanyen nama.
A yanayin zafi daga 0 zuwa + 5 digiri, dabbobin gida suna hibernate... Don yin wannan, za su buƙaci akwatin daban, a ƙasansa akwai ragi, hay da busassun ganye. Kuna iya sanya tsaba da kwayoyi a kusa.
Matsayin jama'a na jinsin
A cikin shekaru biyu ko uku da suka gabata, adadin waɗannan beraye (musamman a yankunan yamma na kewayon) ya ragu sosai, kuma a wasu wurare lambun dormouse ya ɓace gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana bayanin rabe-raben jinsunan a matsayin masu rauni a kan Lissafin IUCN. Koyaya, daga baya an sanya dabbobin a cikin rukuni mafi haɗari, wanda aka sanya su a matsayin "kusa da masu rauni", la'akari da rashin ƙididdigar ainihin adadin raguwar yawan jama'a.
