Babban ɗaci (lat. Botaurus stellaris)

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Babban haushi tsuntsu ne na dangin marainiya (Ardeidae) da kuma umarnin stork (Сiconiifоrmes). Wannan tsuntsu tsuntsu ne ya samo shi saboda sautin sa da yake, kuma an samo shi ne daga kalmomin masu alaƙa "kuka" ko "kuka".

Bayanin babban haushi

Ya fi girma girma, tsari ne na musamman, kazalika da asalin launi na abin laka, babban haushi ya sha bamban da sauran mutane, masu alaƙa ko kama da juna a cikin nau'ikan tsarin, wanda ke ba shi damar rarrabewa daidai a cikin yanayin yanayi.

Bayyanar daci

Babban haushi yana da matukar ban mamaki, har ma bayyanar ta asali.... Yankin baya yana wakiltar fuka-fukan baƙar fata tare da halayyar rawaya mai halayya. Kan tsuntsu yana da launi iri ɗaya. Cikin yana da launi mai launi, tare da ƙirar mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa.

Wutsiyar launin rawaya-rawaya ce tare da bayyananniyar launin fata. Wannan launi na plumage na kamewa ne, saboda haka yana bawa babban tsuntsu damar kasancewa ba tare da an tsinkaye shi ba a tsakiyar sandar da kuma sandar dawa a cikin gulbi da fadama.

Maza, a matsayin doka, suna da girman jiki fiye da mata. Matsakaicin nauyin jikin namiji baligi na iya kaiwa daga kilogiram 1.0-1.9 tare da tsayin 65-70 cm. Tsawon fikafikan namiji na kusan 33-34 cm, kuma na mata - 30-31 cm Beak yana da launi mai launin rawaya mai haske tare da dunƙulen duwatsu masu yawa, kuma idanun rawaya ne.

Theafafun tsuntsu mai yawo launin ruwan toka ne, tare da kyawawan launuka masu launin kore. Yaran yara sun fi manya nauyi. Yayin tafiyar, babban dacin yana kama da mujiya.

Salon rayuwa da ɗabi'a

Babban ɗacin rai na tsuntsayen ƙaura ne kuma yana dawowa daga lokacin hunturu zuwa yankin ƙasarmu ko zuwa yankin nest a farkon lokacin bazara, daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Wurin da ake rayuwa don haushi ya fi yawa manyan tafkunan ruwa tare da ruwan da ke tsayawa ko kuma da dan karamin yanayi, wanda ya cika da ciyayi ko ciyayi.

Tsuntsaye sun fara yin ƙaura zuwa filayen hunturu da yawa a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Wasu mutane sun jinkirta tashi har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta farko ta faɗi.

Wani babban ɗaci yana zubar da shi sau ɗaya a shekara, daga Agusta zuwa farkon kwanakin Janairu... Tsuntsun da ke yawo yana aiki ne kawai da yamma. A lokacin farautar, haushi na iya tsayawa motsi na dogon lokaci, bayan haka kuma kusan zai iya kama ganimar da ke ɓarke. Da rana, tsuntsu yakan ɓuya sosai a cikin dazuzzuka, inda yake birgima kuma ya tsaya a ƙafa ɗaya. Idan aka gamu da abokin gaba, babban daci yakan bude bakinsa mai fadi sosai da halayya, bayan haka yana sake gyara abincin da ya hadiye kwanan nan.

Ana yawan jin kukan babban ɗaci a lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, galibi da yamma ko da daddare, haka kuma da sanyin safiya. Musamman kuka mai karfi, ana jinsa sosai a nisan kilomita uku ko hudu, tsuntsun yana fitarwa yayin da yake saduwa. Muryar ɗamar da take da dausayi na iya zama kamar ta iska ko kuwa ta bijimin sa. Kururuwa ta ƙunshi waƙar nutsuwa da babba, mai ƙarfi sosai kuma, kamar yadda yake, sautin motsi. Sautunan suna fitowa ne ta hanjin tsuntsu, wanda, idan aka kumbura, yayi tasiri azaman mai karfin ƙarfin magana.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Jin ko ganin wani hadari, sai tsuntsun da ke yawo ya miqe da sauri a tsaye, ya xaga kansa ya daskare, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kamar sandar talauci.

Tsawon rayuwa

Kamar yadda aikace-aikace yake nuna, tsawon rayuwar tsuntsaye baya dogara da girmansu, saboda haka, babban ɗaci a cikin yanayin yanayi galibi bai wuce shekaru goma sha uku ba.

Wurin zama da mazauni

Ana yawan samun ɗacin ɗaci a Turai da Spain, haka kuma a Fotigal da kudancin Bahar Rum. Wasu mutane sun zauna a arewacin arewacin Tekun Arewa, a Denmark, a kudancin Sweden da kuma kudu maso gabashin yankin Finland. A cikin Afirka, yankin raɗaɗin raɗaɗin ɗacin rai yana wakiltar Maroko da Aljeriya, Tunusiya da ɓangaren kudancin yankin.

A cikin Asiya, ana iya samun babban ɗaci kusa da Tobolsk da kusa da tekun Yenisei. Har ila yau mazaunin shine yankin kudancin Falasdinu, Asiya orarama da Iran, yankin arewa maso yammacin Mongolia da kudancin Transbaikalia. Tsuntsayen da ke shigowa ruwa galibi suna zuwa lokacin sanyi ne a Afirka da Larabawa, a arewacin Indiya, da Burma da kudancin China.

A cikin yankin ƙasarmu, daga cikin mahimmiyar gida da wuraren ɗabi'a na ɗacin rai akwai hakar peat da yawa a yankunan Kirov da Nizhny Novgorod, da kuma filayen shinkafa a cikin Kirimiya, wuraren ajje ruwa a yankin Ryazan, tafkuna da kwari a Yakutia.

Makiya na halitta

Babban cutarwa ga yawan manyan haushi ana haifar da shi ne ta hanyar ba da izini, lalata muguwar duk wuraren halittar tsuntsaye. Gudanar da sake gyara magudanan ruwa da mutane suka yi ya zama babban dalilin musabbabin faduwar wannan tsuntsu a duk Turai.

Babu wata cutarwa da ke haifar da faduwar ciyayi a lokacin bazara, wanda wani muhimmin bangare na shuke-shuke da suka dace da nesting na manyan haushi ya lalace. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa yawancin manyan tsuntsayen ganima, gami da mujiya da na mujiya, na iya halakar da yara masu ɗaci.

Abin da Babban Haushi ke Ci

Abincin tsuntsaye galibi kifi ne ke wakilta shi, gami da kifi irin na kurkusa, perch har ma da pike.... Hakanan, babban haushi yana amfani da kwaɗi, sababbi, kwari iri-iri na ruwa, tsutsotsi da tadpoles, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, gami da ɓoyayyen filayen, don abincin ta.

Yana da ban sha'awa!A cikin shekaru masu yunwa, babban ɗacin bakin ciki yakan lalata gidajen tsuntsaye, kuma yana ci da kajin sosai. Sabbin kajin da aka kyankyashe suna cin abinci a tadpoles.

Sake haifuwa da zuriya

Babban ɗacin rai ya balaga sai da shekara ɗaya... Irin wannan tsuntsun ba shi da saurin samuwar gidajan mulkin mallaka, saboda haka, ma'auratan da suka balaga da jima'i sukan haifar da gida gida daban, suna mai da hankali game da kusancin tsuntsaye masu kama da kowane irin nau'insu.

Kasancewar akwai mafi kyawun yanayi don yin ɗaci a yankin, kowane ɗaya daga cikin ma'aurata suna iya zama kusa da juna, sakamakon haka ake samun cikakkun wuraren da suke da yawan jama'a.

Lokacin da haushi mai dausayi ke rayuwa a jikin ruwa mara zurfi, shafukan yanar gizo suna zama a kan ramuka da ke fitowa daga saman ruwa, waɗanda aka ɓoye daga idanuwan masu kankara da maƙiyan makiya ta hanyar ciyawar dawa, dazuzzuka ko bishiyoyi.

Idan aka rarraba yankin tsuntsayen ta isassun wuraren ajiyar ruwa mai kyau, to, sau da yawa nests suna kan saman tsire-tsire masu mutuwa ko sun isa, an rufe su da yawa da ganyen fure. Wasu lokutan nests suna da tsari mara kyau, wanda ya kunshi tushe da ganyayen kowane tsiro.

Gida na babban haushi yana da sifa mai siffar gaske, yana da diamita na rabin mita tare da tsayin gefe na kusan sama da rubu'in mita, kuma ɗayan ɓangarorin da aka nufa don bayyanar tsuntsaye masu girma koyaushe ana murƙushe shi ko kuma a tattaka shi da kyau. Yayinda kajin suke girma kuma suke girma, a hankali gurbi yakan nitse a hankali cikin ruwa, saboda haka sannu a hankali mahaifa biyu ke gina shi.

Eggswai da mace mai ɗaci mai ɗaci take da su na yau da kullun da na ƙyama, kuma launin baƙon launuka ne mai launin toka-toka. Kwakwalwar mace ce ta kunsa shi, amma namiji lokaci-lokaci zai iya maye gurbinsa. Babban ɗacin rai baya sanya kamawa fiye da ɗaya a shekara. Kama mafi yawan lokuta kamawa yana da ƙwai da yawa, wanda adadin su na iya bambanta daga uku ko huɗu zuwa takwas.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Kowane kwai yana fitowa ne a tsakanin wasu 'yan kwanaki, saboda haka duk kajin an haife su ne ba daidai ba, kuma ƙaramin kajin a cikin kwan kwan, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba ya rayuwa.

Kaji suna kyanƙyashe kimanin makonni huɗu bayan kwanciya. An rufe jarirai da ɗan kauri da jan ƙasa, kuma ƙafafunsu, kai da baki suna da launi mai launi. Tuni makonni biyu ko uku bayan haihuwa, kajin babban haushi sun fara barin gidansu a hankali. Iyaye suna ciyar da kajin kaɗan fiye da wata ɗaya da rabi, kuma yaran masu watanni biyu sun riga sun iya tashi da kansu.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Yawan mutanen Turai na manyan haushi an kiyasta su a 10-12 nau'i-nau'i dubu 10, kuma a cikin Burtaniya a halin yanzu suna da nau'i-nau'i ashirin. A cikin ƙasarmu, yawan ɗimbin ɗaci ba su wuce dubu 10-30 ba. A Turkiya, yawan tsuntsaye masu saurin tafiya bai wuce nau'i-nau'i hudu zuwa dari biyar ba.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Ana iya jin muryoyin haushin fadama a wurare da yawa a ƙasashen Turai, amma kuna iya ganin irin wannan tsuntsu da idanunku kawai daga hasumiyar Siikalahti a Parikkala. A cikin Finland cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen suna aiki a lokacin daga Mayu zuwa Yuni.

A yau Babban ɗaci yana daga cikin nau'ikan nau'in tsuntsaye masu kariya da kariya a cikin ƙasashe da yawa... Misali, ana aiwatar da kariyar haushi a Burtaniya sama da shekaru arba'in, bayan sake tsugunar da karnukan da ke zaune a gabashin Norfolk. Dalilin samun matsayin kiyayewa da raguwar yawan tsuntsayen da ke tafiya shi ne magudanan ruwa na wuraren da suka dace da gida, da kuma gurɓataccen ruwa mai ƙarfi.

Pin
Send
Share
Send

Kalli bidiyon: Eurasian bittern lat. Botaurus stellaris in temporary care. (Nuwamba 2024).