Macaque na Assamese (Macaca assamensis) ko rhesus na dutse na ƙarƙashin tsarin birrai ne.
Alamomin waje na macaque na Assamese.
Macaque na Assamese ɗayan jinsunan birai ne masu kunkuntar hanci tare da jiki mai ɗan kauri, gajere gajere mai yalwa. Koyaya, tsawon wutsiya na mutum ne kuma yana iya bambanta ko'ina. Wasu mutane suna da gajeren jela waɗanda ba su kai ga gwiwa, yayin da wasu ke haɓaka jela mai tsawo.
Launin macaque na macaque macaque ya fara ne daga zurfin launin ja mai duhu ko launin ruwan duhu zuwa haske mai haske a gaban jiki, wanda galibi ya fi baya baya. Gefen gefen jikin mutum ya fi haske, ya fi fari a sautin, kuma fatar da ke kan fuska ta bambanta tsakanin launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da shunayya, tare da fata mai launin ruwan hoda-mai-haske-rawaya kewaye da idanu. Macaque na Assamese yana da gashin baki da gemu, sannan kuma yana da kumatun kunci waɗanda ake amfani dasu don adana kayan abinci yayin ciyarwa. Kamar yawancin macaques, macaque na namiji ya fi na mace girma.
Tsawon jiki: 51 - 73.5 cm. Tsawon wutsiya: 15 - 30. Namiji yana da nauyin: 6 - 12 kilogiram, mata: 5 kilogiram. Makka matasa na Assamese sun bambanta da launi kuma sunada launi fiye da birai manya.
Abincin abinci mai gina jiki na Assamese.
Makka na Assamese suna ciyar da ganyaye, 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni, waɗanda suke da babban ɓangaren abincinsu. Abincin na ciyawa yana da kwarin kwari da ƙananan ƙwayoyi, gami da ƙadangare.
Halin macaque na Assamese.
Macaques na Assamese sune labaran yau da kullun. Suna da ma'ana da na duniya. Macaques na Assamese suna aiki yayin rana, suna tafiya akan ƙafa huɗu. Suna samun abinci a ƙasa, amma kuma suna cin abinci a kan bishiyoyi da daji. Yawancin lokaci, dabbobi suna hutawa ko kula da ulu, suna sauka a ƙasa mai duwatsu.
Akwai wasu alaƙar zamantakewar tsakanin jinsin, macaques suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane 10-15, waɗanda suka haɗa da namiji, mata da yawa da kuma yara macuta. Koyaya, wasu lokuta ana lura da ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mutane 50. Macaungiyoyin macaques na Assamese suna da matsayi mai ƙarfi na sarauta. Mata na macaques suna rayuwa har abada a cikin ƙungiyar da aka haife su, kuma samari maza suna barin sabbin shafuka lokacin da suka balaga.
Sake bugun makaƙan Assamese.
Lokacin kiwo don macaques na Assamese yana tsayawa daga Nuwamba zuwa Disamba a Nepal da Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu a Thailand. Lokacin da mace ta shirya saduwa, fatar da ke baya a bayan wutsiyar ta zama ja. Yana haifar da offspringa fora na kimanin kwanaki 158 - 170, yana haihuwar cuba cuba guda ɗaya, wanda yayi kimanin gram 400 a lokacin haihuwa. Matasan macaques sun yi kiwo a kusan shekara biyar kuma suna yin haihuwa kowace shekara zuwa biyu. Rayuwar macaques ta Assamese a cikin yanayi ta kai kimanin shekaru 10 - 12.
Rarraba macaque na Assamese.
Macaque na Assamese yana zaune ne a tsaunukan Himalayas da tsaunukan tsaunuka da ke kusa da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Ana rarraba shi a cikin tsaunukan Nepal, Arewacin Indiya, a kudancin China, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, a arewacin Thailand da Vietnam ta Arewa.
A halin yanzu ana gane rabe-raben rabe guda biyu: yammacin Assamese macaque (M. alop), wanda aka samo a Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan da India da kuma na biyu: rukunan gabashin Assamese macaque (M. assamensis), wanda aka rarraba a Bhutan, India, China , Vietnam. Za a iya samun ragi na uku a cikin Nepal, amma wannan bayanin yana buƙatar nazari.
Mahalli na macaque na Assamese.
Macaques na Assamese suna rayuwa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da zafi mai zafi, dazuzzuka masu bushewa da gandun daji.
Sun fi son gandun daji masu yawa kuma galibi ba a samun su a dazuzzuka na biyu.
Abubuwan halaye na mazauni da abubuwan da ke tattare da muhalli sun bambanta dangane da ƙananan. Macaques na Assamese ya bazu daga kurege zuwa tsaunuka masu tsayi har zuwa 2800 m, kuma a lokacin rani wasu lokuta suna hawa zuwa tsayin mita 3000, kuma mai yiwuwa har zuwa 4000 m. Macaques na Assamese suna zaɓar wurare masu duwatsu masu duwatsu tare da kogunan kogi da rafuka waɗanda zasu iya ba da kariya daga masu farauta.
Matsayin kiyayewa na macaque Assamese.
An rarraba macaque na Assamese a matsayin Kusa da Barazana a kan Lissafin IUCN kuma an jera shi a CITES Shafi II.
Barazana ga mazaunin macaque na Assamese.
Babban barazanar da ake yi wa mazaunin macaam din na Assamese sun hada da sare zababbu da nau'ikan nau'ikan ayyukan anthropogenic, yaduwar wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan cutarwa, farauta, fatauci da dabbobin da aka kamo kamar dabbobi da gidajen zoo. Kari kan haka, hadewar jinsunan na yin barazana ga wasu kananan al'ummomi.
Ana farautar Primates a yankin Himalayan domin samun kokon kan macaque, wanda ake amfani da shi a matsayin hanyar kariya daga "muguwar ido" kuma ana rataye shi a cikin gidaje a arewa maso gabashin Indiya.
A cikin Nepal, macaque na Assamese yana fuskantar barazanar rashin iyakancewa zuwa kasa da 2,200 km2, yayin da yanki, girman da ingancin mazaunin ke ci gaba da raguwa.
A cikin Thailand, babbar barazanar ita ce rasa muhalli da farautar nama. Macaque na Assamese yana da kariya kawai idan yana zaune a kan yankin gidajen ibada.
A cikin Tibet, ana farautar macaque na Assamese don fatar da mazauna wurin ke yin takalma. A Laos, China da Vietnam, babbar barazanar da ke tattare da macaque na Assamese ita ce farautar nama da amfani da kashi don samun balsam ko manne. Ana sayar da waɗannan kayayyakin a cikin kasuwannin Vietnam da China don maganin ciwo. Sauran barazanar ga macaque na Assamese suna sarewa da share daji don amfanin gona da hanyoyi, da farautar wasanni. Ana kuma harba makakatan Assamese a lokacin da suka afka wa gonaki da gonaki, kuma jama'ar yankin na kashe su a matsayin kwari a wasu yankuna.
Kariyar Macaque ta Assamese
Macaque na Assamese an jera shi a Shafi na II na Yarjejeniyar kan Ciniki na inasashen Waje a Cutar Dabbobin da ke Haɗari (CITES), don haka duk kasuwancin da ke cikin wannan masarauta dole ne a sanya ido sosai.
A duk ƙasashen da macaque na Assamese ke zaune, gami da Indiya, Thailand da Bangladesh, ana amfani da matakan a kanta.
Macaque na Assamese yana cikin aƙalla yankuna masu kariya 41 a arewa maso gabashin Indiya kuma ana samun su a wasu wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Don kare nau'ikan da mazauninsu, an inganta shirye-shiryen ilimi a wasu wuraren shakatawa na Himalaya wanda ke ƙarfafa mazauna yankin su yi amfani da wata hanyar samar da makamashi maimakon itacen itacen, suna hana sare bishiyoyi.
Ana samo macaque na Assamese a cikin waɗannan yankuna masu kariya: 'Yan Gudun Hijira na (asa (Laos); a wuraren shakatawa na kasa Langtang, Makalu Barun (Nepal); a cikin Suthep Pui National Park, Huay Kha Khaeng Nature Reserve, Phu Kieo Sanctuary (Thailand); a cikin Pu Mat National Park (Vietnam).
