Ivan Nikitin ya rubuta: - "Fari a matsayin mai kawo cikas, wrinkles a goshinsa, tare da wata tsohuwar fuska, ya ga ɓullo da yawa a rayuwarsa." Kwatanta gwarzo da tsuntsu mai tsalle, mawakin Rasha na karni na 19 yana nufin cewa mutumin ya yi furfura.
Ba za a iya kiran wata fari ba. Bayan gashin fuka-fuki da saman fukafukai launin toka ne. Koyaya, akwai kuma "launin toka" a nan, kuma sautin gaba ɗaya baya da duhu. Ciki da wuyan dabbar gaba daya fari ne. A cikin dangi na kusa da jigilar filin, launi yana da duhu da yawa. Har ila yau, akwai mutane makiyaya. Waɗannan suna da gashin tsuntsu.
Bayani da fasalulluka na mahimmin tarko
A karni na 19 steppe jigilar kaya aka rarraba. Saboda haka, haɗuwa da tsuntsu ya tuna da Ivan Nikitin. A cikin karni na 21, irin wannan kwatancen zai kasance da an rubuta, watakila, kawai daga mawaƙi-ornithologist, wanda ke kusa Littafin Ja. Matakan jirgin ruwa an jera shi a matsayin ɓacewa.
Yastrebiny an haɗa shi cikin duka bugu na Rasha da yawancin yankuna. Musamman, an haɗa gwarzo na labarin a cikin jerin dabbobi marasa mahimmanci na Yankin Krasnodar.
Matakan jirgi na steppe sun bambanta da sauran masu haɗarin a cikin layin wuta
A cikin 1930s, an lura da jinsin steppe a matsayin na al'ada ko'ina cikin yammacin Caucasus. Zuwa 1990s, akwai lokuta kawai da aka keɓe na ganin wata. Dabba tana jagorantar rayuwar sirri. Duk ƙasar Rasha akwai matsakaicin nauyin 5,000. Babu fiye da 100 a duk yankin kudu. A duniya, masu kawo cikas sun kusan kusan nau'i-nau'i 20,000.
A matsayin shaho, harer yana da matsakaita a girman. Tsawon jikin namiji yakai santimita 435-480, kuma na mata 480-525. Kamar yadda kake gani, tsuntsayen jinsunan sun haɓaka dimphhism na jima'i. Mata sun fi maza girma. Fuka-fukan karshen ba su wuce santimita 110 ba. A cikin mata, mai nuna alama yakan kusanci 120.
Kamar sauran shaho, maharan suna da bakin ƙugiya, ƙafafu masu ƙarfi tare da pant ɗin gashin tsuntsu har zuwa gwiwoyin gwiwa. Jikin tsuntsun siriri ne. Sauran shaho sun fi yawa. Hakanan an banbanta wata daga gare su da fikafikan fikafikan. A cikin jirgin, gwarzo na labarin zai iya rikicewa tare da jirgin ruwa.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Girman rarrabawa a duk faɗin Rasha ya faɗo daga kan iyakar yamma zuwa Mongolia. Yana dab da kudu maso yamma na Transbaikalia. Zuwa Gabas, tsuntsaye suna tashi zuwa Yenisei. Suna kuma haɗuwa da tsuntsaye zuwa yamma da Ural Range. Bayani game da maƙerin steppe da aka ba mazauna ofashin Minusinsk a mahadar Krasnoyarsk Territory da Khakassia.
A kan iyakokin kudu maso yamma na ƙasar, loonies sun zaɓi Kirimiya, arewacin gabar Bahar Maliya, Transcaucasia. Anan, kamar yadda yake a sauran wuraren zama, shaho yakan zaɓi busassun matakai na rayuwa.
Forauna a gare su ta bayyana a cikin sunan nau'in. Koyaya, akwai wasu banda. Misali a yankin Tervropol, ana samun tsuntsun a yankunan Podgorny da Andropovsky. Suna fadama.
Akwai keɓaɓɓu dangane da halayyar tsuntsaye. Kasancewa mai sirri tsuntsun steppe harrier wani lokacin sukan kai hari ga kyanwa, tattabaru na gida da tsuntsayen cikin kejin da masu su suka kaisu farfajiyar. Koyaya, ana iya bayanin irin wannan hooliganism ta rashin wadataccen abinci ga mai lahani.
Saboda ayyukan mutane, wuraren zama da suka dace da shaho suna ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Shima samarda abinci yana raguwa.
Matakan jirgin ruwa a kan hoto koyaushe a sama, ko a duniya. Gwarzo na labarin ba shi da al'adar zama a kan bishiyoyi, koda kuwa a matsayin banda, ya sauka a yankin gandun daji.
A sararin sama, maƙerin, kamar kowane shaho, yana da kyau, ba gaggawa. Jirgin tsuntsayen yana ɗan girgizawa. Banda shine lokacin bazara. Wannan lokacin kiwo ne. Rawar mating jerin tsaka-tsalle ne masu tsayi a tsayi da saurin nutsewa. Mata kuma suna yin "tsalle", amma ba a faɗakar da su sosai.
Da yake sun sami ɗiya, sai tsuntsayen masu tasowa su tashi zuwa kudu. Mafi yawansu suna yin kaura zuwa Afirka. Sun dawo Rasha a farkon bazara, da zarar murna ta bayyana. Anan ne za a fara wasannin mating.
Steppe harrier abinci mai gina jiki
Matakan steppe - mai farauta... Canje-canjen tsuntsaye daga mazaunin da aka saba suna da alaƙa da jarabar nama. Wanda yake da gashin fuka-fukai na iya hawa daji ko fadama, idan akwai karin beraye. Su ne babban abincin da ke kawo cikas.
Idan kun fahimta fiye da musamman ciyarwa a kan maɓallin steppe, voles, gerbils, jerboas ku tuna. Dukansu kwari ne na ƙasar noma. Ya bayyana cewa mai cutar shine mataimaki manomi.
Gwarzo na labarin farauta da rana. Ya fi sauƙi a hango ƙananan ganima a cikin filayen da hasken rana. Wani lokaci, maimakon beraye, mai farautar yakan kama kadangaru. A tashi, maharan na iya kame kananan tsuntsaye. Saboda haka yana da cikakken.
Ganin abin farautar sa, matukin jirgin ruwa mai nutsuwa yayi sauri, yana miƙe ƙafafunsa gaba. Tare da su tsuntsun ke kama wanda aka azabtar a cikin ciyawar. Paafafun jarumin labarin suna da tsayi. Wannan yana taimakawa samun abinci koda a cikin ciyayi masu tsayi. Jigilar ta shimfiɗa jelarsa a gaban ƙasa. Mai farauta ya taka musu birki bayan nutsewar sauri.
An rarraba wuraren farautar a tsakanin tsuntsayen. Kowane wata yana da nasa fiefdom. Karami ne a yanki. An shimfiɗa wata hanya. Lokacin yawo a kusa da filayen, mai farautar yana bin sa. Saboda haka, a matsayinka na mai mulki, zaka iya ganin wata a wurare guda.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Ba da son zama a kan bishiyoyi, mai ɗaukar matakan ba ya gina gida a kansu. Qwai suna kyankyashe a kasa, a cikin bacin ransa, tsakanin duwatsu, wani lokacin a kan sako. Babu gurbi a yadda aka saba. Kwanakin suna kwanciya a cikin ramin da aka lulluɓe da ciyawa a kewayen.
Mata masu hargitsi suna sa ƙwai daga 3 zuwa 7. Daidaita - guda 5. Suna ƙyanƙyashe don kwanaki 30-35. Ana kashe wannan adadin akan kiwon kajin akan reshe. Wata daya da rabi bayan haihuwa, suna shirye don tashi zuwa yankuna masu dumi don hunturu.
Steppe harrier gida tare da kajin
Yayinda ake sakawa da kuma kiwon kajin, ana rarrabe masu cutar tarko ta fushin su. Hawks suna kaiwa kowane makiya hari, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu, girman su ba. Wakilan 'yan itacen ba su da sha'awar barin kawunansu, suna adana "fatun" nasu.
Da shekara 3, tsuntsun mai farauta ya shirya yin kiwo. Shekarun haihuwa sun ƙare a shekaru 17-18. Matakan steppe suna rayuwa shekaru 20-22. A cikin bauta, shaho na iya tsawaita rayuwarsu har zuwa shekaru 25.
