Kunkuru - nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan amphibians. A yau, masana kimiyya da yawa suna ƙoƙari su yi nazarinsa dalla-dalla, amma wannan kunkuru, kamar yadda ya juya, ba ta da sauƙin samu a cikin daji don sanin yanayinta da salon rayuwarta a cikin daji. Hakanan ana ajiye kunkuru a cikin ajiyar ruwa, inda ake yin karatun ta-natsu tare da taimaka musu wajen kiwo. Tabbas, kiwo cikin kamuwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye wannan nau'in. Bari muyi duba na tsanaki game da rayuwar amphibian kamar kunkuru.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kunkuru aka fara gani a Kudancin Amurka. Tsarin wanzuwar wannan jinsin a matsayin na daban shine tambaya mai rikitarwa. Bari mu fara daga farko. Tabbas dukkan nau'ikan kunkuru sun shigo cikin jinsin Testudo daban daban ta irin wannan bahaushe dan asalin Sweden kamar Karl Linnaeus. Wannan ya faru a 1758.
Centuriesarnoni 2 kacal bayan haka, a cikin 1982, masana kimiyya Roger Boer da Charles Crumley suka ware nau'ikan kunkuru daga sauran kuma suka sa masa haka. Sunan, a nasu ra'ayin, ya nuna a sarari mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi. Sun kuma bambanta da sauran dangi saboda rashin farantin jirgi da kasancewar jela. Bayyanar da abubuwan da ke sama sun taimaka wa masana kimiyya don ƙirƙirar sunan binaryar Chelonoidis carbonaria, wanda har yanzu yana da amfani a yau.
Duk da cewa an jera kunkuru a matsayin jinsin halittu daban-daban a cikin tsari, bai bambanta sosai da danginsa ba. Duk nau'ikan wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna kama da juna, saboda haka wasu daga cikinsu za a iya rarrabe su ne ta hanyar kwararrun mutane na musamman. Kunkuru na kwal yana da ƙwarji mai ƙarfi wanda yake kiyaye shi daga lalacewar injiniya, gajerun ƙafa, ƙaramin kai da doguwar wuya. Hakanan salon rayuwarta yayi kama da sauran kunkuru, amma kuma yana da nasa halaye, wanda zamuyi magana akan sa a cikin ɓangarorin masu zuwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kunkuru yana da nata halaye da bambance-bambance idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan babban kunkuru ne. Tsawon harsashinsa na iya kaiwa kimanin santimita 45.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a cewar wasu masu binciken, a cikin tsoffin mutane, tsawon harsashin zai iya kaiwa kimanin santimita 70.
Mace tana da sauƙin bambanta daga namiji. Ya fi girma girma kuma yana da ƙaramin baƙin ciki a cikin ƙwanƙolin kariya. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa a cikin mahalli daban-daban, kunkuru na iya bambanta da girma da launi. Wannan lamarin yana da wahala ga wasu masu bincike su iya tantance nau'in halittar dabbobi masu rarrafe.
Launin harsashi na kunkuru gawayi launin toka-baki. Hakanan yana da launuka masu launin rawaya-launuka masu launin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Launuka kamar ja da lemu mai haske suna nan a cikin bayyanar wannan dabbar. Wannan launi yana nan a kan kai da gaban ƙafafun dabba. Idanun baƙi ne, amma ana iya ganin ratsi mai launin rawaya kewaye da su.
Siffar kunkuru kwal yana canzawa gwargwadon shekarunsa. A cikin samari, harsashi yana da launuka masu haske fiye da na tsofaffi. Bayan lokaci, garkuwar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ta zama baƙi kuma ana iya ganin ɗigon rawaya a kanta.
A ina kunkuru ke zama?
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kamar yadda ya fito fili daga sassan da ke sama, kunkuru mai yawanci yana zaune ne a Kudancin Amurka. Irin wannan rarrafe yana son lokacin da zafin iska ya canza zuwa 20-35 digiri Celsius. Hakanan, daga bayanan masana kimiyya, an gano cewa kunkuru sun fi son zama a wuraren da ke da danshi mai zafi da ruwan sama. Masu bincike galibi suna same su a kusa da koguna ko tabkuna.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a halin yanzu ba a san yadda kunkuru ke bayyana a cikin sabbin wuraren zama ba. Wasu na jayayya cewa wani ne ya kai su musammam can, yayin da wasu ke cewa a hankali jinsin yana fadada mazaunin sa.
Ana samun kunkuru a duk shekara a wasu yankuna na Kudancin Amurka. Wannan gaskiyar ta sa ba za a iya tantance ainihin wurin da mazauninsu yake ba. A farkon farawa, kasashe kamar su Panama, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname da Guiana an dauke su matsayin mazaunin su. A yanzu haka, akwai labari cewa an ga kunkuru a cikin Kolombiya, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina da Brazil. ,Ara, ana ba da rahoton masana kimiyya game da sabbin wuraren bayyanar waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Ofayan labarai na baya-bayan nan shine bayyanar jinsunan a cikin yankin Karibiyan.
Menene kunkuru mai cin abinci?
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kamar sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe, kunkuru ɗan dabba mai cin ciyawa. Babban ɓangaren abincin su shine 'ya'yan itace. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin dabbobi masu rarrafe a ƙarƙashin itace da ke ba da 'ya'ya. Don haka kunkuru suna jiran ‘ya’yan itacen su nuna su fado. Daga cikin frkutvoi, zaɓin su yawanci ya kan 'ya'yan itace daga cacti, ɓaure, pehena, spondia, annona, philodendron, bromiliad.
Ragowar abincin kunkuru na gawayi ya hada da ganyaye, ciyawa, furanni, tushe da harbe. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe kuma suna son yin liyafa a kan kananan ƙananan dabbobi, kamar su tururuwa, tamola, ƙwaro, butterflies, katantanwa da tsutsotsi.
Abincin irin wannan nau'in ya dogara kai tsaye a kan yanayi a yanzu. A lokacin ruwan sama da zafi mai yawa, kunkuru suna ƙoƙari su samo wa kansu 'ya'yan itace, kuma a lokacin bushe, furanni ko harbe-harbe.
Dogaro da abin da ke sama, zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa kunkuru ɗan dabba dabba ne mai cikakken iko. Suna iya cin kusan kowane tsiro da 'ya'yan itace, amma galibi suna zaɓar waɗanda suka fi girma a cikin alli da ma'adanai. Koyaya, duk da wannan gaskiyar, mutanen da ke tsare waɗannan dabbobin a cikin fursuna suna bin wani nau'in abinci. Sun dauki tsire-tsire a matsayin tushe kuma wani lokacin suna narkar da abinci da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kunkuru galibi ba dabba ba ce mai ma'amala da jama'a ba. Kuna iya faɗi cewa tana jagorantar salon rayuwa mara kyau. Wannan nau'in yana zaune a huta na kimanin rabin yini. Sauran lokacin kunkuru ya kare neman abinci da sabon wurin zama. Lura cewa, a wannan yanayin, jinsunan basu da wata gasa tare da masu kawowa. Idan kunkuru ya ga cewa wani ya riga ya karɓi wurin, to sai kawai ya tashi don neman sabon abu don kansa.
Kunkuru baya zama wuri daya kuma baya bashi kayan aiki ta kowace hanya. Bayan cin abinci, tana motsawa koyaushe, kuma bayan an sami sabon matsuguni, sai ta kwashe kwanaki 4 a ciki, har zuwa cin abinci na gaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: ana iya ganin hoton kunkuru mai kwalba a kan hatimin wasiƙar Argentina na 2002.
Dabbobi masu rarrafe sun kusanci zaɓi na "sansanin" da kyau. Bai kamata ya bambanta da yawa daga yanayin jin daɗin su ba, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata kuma ya kiyaye su daga haɗarin waje. Kunkuru mafi yawanci yakan zaɓi wurare kamar matattun bishiyoyi, rami mara zurfi, ko ɓoyayyun wurare tsakanin asalinsu a matsayin wurin hutawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Kunkuru na ci duk shekara idan yanayin rayuwa ya yi masa kyau. Yana da shekaru 4-5, jinsin ya kai ga balaga kuma a shirye yake ya samar da zuriyarsa. Idan muna magana ne game da kunkuru da ke cikin fursunoni a cikin yanayin jin daɗin su, to ya kamata a lura cewa to basu buƙatar yin hibernate, saboda haka, lokacin damar ƙirƙirar ƙarin kamawa yana ƙaruwa.
Tsarin al'ada na kunkuru kamar haka. Anan namiji yake jagorantar komai, shine ya zaɓi sha'awar sa ta gaba. Amma don samun wuri kusa da mace, maza suna fada da wasu mutane jinsi daya. A cikin yaƙin na mace, wanda ya fi ƙarfi ya yi nasara kuma ya juya abokin hamayyarsa zuwa harsashi. Daga nan sai ibada ta ci gaba ta hanyar bin ƙanshin abokin nasa, wanda namiji ya sami nasarar shakarsa a baya. Yana biye da ita har sai ta tsaya kuma ya dace da ma'anar aure.
Jaja-ja kunkuru ba damuwa da neman ko gina gida. Mafi sau da yawa, tana zaɓar datti mai laushi, inda take sakawa daga ƙwai 5 zuwa 15. Tan kunkuru dole ne su jira tsawon lokaci - daga kwanaki 120 zuwa 190. Abin mamaki, yaran suna da haƙori na musamman na kwai, tare da taimakon abin da suka fasa cikin harsashi a lokacin haihuwa, bayan haka sai ya ɓace kansa. An haife su tare da bawo da zagaye masu laushi tare da jakar gwaiduwa a kan cikinsu, daga abin da suke karɓar dukkan abubuwan gina jiki, godiya ga abin da za su iya miƙawa a karon farko ba tare da abinci ba. Sannan ya narke kuma a rana ta 2 zuwa 5 na rayuwarsu dan kunkuru zai fara ciyar da kansa.
Abokan gaba na kunkuru
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Duk da cewa kunkuru yana da nasa "sulken", amma yana da 'yan kalilan na makiya. Wasu daga cikinsu tsuntsaye ne masu cin nama, wadanda ke daga abubuwa masu rarrafe zuwa manyan wurare, sannan su watsar da su domin su rarraba kwansonsu mai daurewa. Bayan an gama aikin, sai a tatsa su daga bawon da ya lalace.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suma suna cikin jerin abokan gaba na kunkuru. A cikin misalinmu na musamman, jaguar da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka na iya zama haɗari. Sau da yawa yakan debo kunkuru daga kwansonsu da hanunsa.
Lokaci zuwa lokaci, Kunkuru na gawayi na iya zama kyakkyawar kulawa, har ma da kwari. Tururuwa da ƙananan ƙwaro na iya cizon laushin laushi a jikin wata dabba mai rarrafe wadda ba ta da kwari. Mafi yawancin lokuta, raunana ko marasa lafiya suna fama da irin wannan harin.
A dabi'ance, babban makiyin kunkuru shine mutum. Mutane suna kashe dabba don naman ta ko ƙwai, suna yin dabbobin da kansu. Mutum na iya, ta hanyar rashin hankalin sa, da gangan ya lalata mazaunin wannan nau'in.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Ba za a iya faɗi kaɗan game da yawan kunkuru ba. Adadinsu a cikin daji a halin yanzu ba a san su ba, amma gwargwadon yanayin kiyayewar dabbar, za mu iya ɗauka kawai cewa komai ba shi da kyau kamar yadda ya kamata.
Kamar yadda muka fada a sama, kunkuru masu kera suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka, amma ana rarraba su daidai a wannan yankin. Akwai yanayi mai kyau da danshi ga wannan nau'in, amma kuma akwai rashin dacewar zama a wannan wurin, wanda zai iya shafar yawan nau'in. Muna magana ne game da kowane irin bala'i, kamar guguwa, wanda ya zama gama gari a irin wannan nahiyar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: kunkuru mai gawayi yana da wani suna - kunkuru mai jan kafa
Mutum yana gina masana'antu kuma gabaɗaya yana haɓaka ababen more rayuwa. Wannan gaskiyar tana iya hana karuwar yawan kunkuru. Sharar da mutane suka jefa a jikin ruwan kusa da abin da dabbobi masu rarrafe ke rayuwa kuma yana haifar da mummunar tasirin haifuwar wannan nau'in. Mutane suna ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi don kunkuru kwal, amma wannan bai isa ba, saboda kowane jinsi dole ne ya haɓaka a cikin yanayinsa na yau da kullun.
Ajiyar Kunkuru
Hotuna: alan Kunkuru
Idan mukayi magana game da kariyar kunkuru, to da farko dai ya kamata a lura cewa babu bayanai kan lambar su a halin yanzu. Ya kamata kuma a ce wannan speciesungiyar Internationalungiyar forasa ta Duniya don ofaukar da ureabi'a ta ƙara wannan nau'in a cikin Littafin Ja na Duniya. A ciki, an ba dabbobi masu rarrafe matsayin VU, wanda ke nufin cewa dabbar a halin yanzu tana cikin mawuyacin hali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: galibi nau'ikan da ke da matsayin VU suna hayayyafa sosai a cikin bauta, amma har yanzu suna riƙe shi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa barazanar ta kasance daidai ga yawancin namun daji, kamar yadda yake a wurinmu.
Tabbas, dole ne a sanya ido sosai ga kunkuru a cikin kwal da kuma ɗaukar matakan da zasu taimaka wajen kiyaye mazaunin su. Tuni, ana iya ganin wannan nau'in a cikin ajiyar da yawa a sassa daban-daban na duniyarmu. Duk da wannan, mutane suna buƙatar ɗaukar mataki kuma su kyale waɗannan halittu su ci gaba da nutsuwa cikin natsuwa a cikin daji.
Kunkuru - wasu nau'ikan halittu masu rarrafe da ke bukatar kulawa da kulawa. Ba a san ainihin mazauninsu ba, duk da haka, mu mutane muna bukatar yin iya ƙoƙarinmu don ba wa wannan nau'in haihuwar cikin lumana a kowane yanayi. Wannan kunkuru, kamar sauran wakilan fauna, tabbas yana da mahimmanci a yanayi. Mu zama masu farkawa mu koyi kula yadda ya kamata game da abubuwa masu rai da ke kewaye da mu!
Ranar bugawa: 08.04.
Ranar sabuntawa: 08.04.2020 a 23:28
