Kifin kifi Halitta ce mai ban mamaki wacce zata iya yin iyo cikin tsananin gudu a gajeren zango, nan take take kama kanta, ta cinye masu farautar ta da tawada mai kazanta kuma su farantawa ganinta rai tare da nuna alamun jin daɗin gani. Invertebrates sune kashi 95% na dukkan dabbobi, kuma cephalopods an yi imanin su ne mafi kyawun invertebrates a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Kifin Kifi
Kunkutaccen kifi na mollusc ne wanda, tare da squid, nautilus da dorinar ruwa, suka zama ƙungiya da ake kira cephalopods, wanda ke nufin kai da ƙafa. Duk nau'ikan dake wannan rukuni suna da tanti a haɗe a kawunansu. Kifin kifin na zamani ya bayyana a zamanin Miocene (kimanin shekaru miliyan 21 da suka gabata) kuma ya samo asali ne daga kakanni mai kama da tsari.
Bidiyo: Kifin kifin
Kifin kifin na cikin tsari na molluscs waɗanda ke da ƙwarjin ciki wanda ake kira farantin ƙashi. Kifin kifin yana kunshe da sanadarin carbonate kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin buoyancy na wadannan molluscs; an kasa shi zuwa kananan dakuna wanda kifin kifin zai iya cika ko fankar gas dangane da bukatun su.
Kifin kifin da aka yanka ya kai matsakaicin tsayi na tsawon santimita 45, kodayake an yi rikodin samfurin tsawon cm 60. Rigarsu (babban yanki na jikin sama da idanuwa) ya ƙunshi farantin kwarangwal, gabobin haihuwa da gabobin narkewa. Ofafatattun ledoji suna faɗin dukkan tsawon mayafinsu kuma suna haifar da raƙuman ruwa yayin iyo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin kifi guda dari a duniya. Mafi girman nau'ikan shine katon kifi irin na Australiya (Sepia apama), wanda zai iya girma zuwa mita daya a tsayi kuma yayi nauyi akan kilogiram 10. Karami shine Spirula spirula, wanda da ƙyar ya wuce 45 mm a tsayi. Mafi girman jinsunan Biritaniya ita ce kifin kifi na yau da kullun (Sepia officinalis), wanda zai iya kai wa tsawon 45 cm.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya irin kifin kifin mai kama
Kwakwalwar kifin tana da girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran halittu masu juyawa (dabbobi ba tare da kashin baya ba), wanda hakan ke baiwa kifin kifin yankoyi da tunani. Duk da kasancewar makauniyar launi, suna da kyaun gani sosai kuma suna iya canza launinsu da sauri, fasalin su da motsin su don sadarwa ko ɓoye kansu.
Kansu yana a gindin mayafinsu, tare da manyan idanu biyu a gefuna da kaifi mai kama da baki a tsakiyar hannayensu. Suna da ƙafa takwas da dogaye guda biyu na shinge waɗanda za a iya jan su gaba ɗaya cikin jiki. Ana iya sanin manya ta layinsu fari wanda ya fito daga tushe na hannayensu na uku.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin Kifi yana haifar da gajimare na tawada lokacin da suka ji barazanar. Wannan tawada sau ɗaya ne masu fasaha da marubuta suka yi amfani da shi (sepia).
Kuraren kifin yana motsa shi ta ruwa wanda ake kira "jet engine". Kifin Kifi yana da fika-fikai da ke gudana tare da ɓangarorinsu. Tare da fika-fikai masu lalacewa, kifin kifin na iya sauka, rarrafe, da iyo. Hakanan za'a iya motsa su ta hanyar "injin inji" wanda zai iya zama ingantaccen hanyar tserewa. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar daidaita jiki da sauri matse ruwa daga ramin da ke jikinsu ta siphon mai kamar mazurai wanda ke tura su baya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin Kurel masu iya canza launi ne. Tun daga haihuwa, ƙananan kifin kifi na iya nuna aƙalla nau'ikan jiki goma sha uku.
Idanun kifayen kifayen suna daga cikin mafi cigaba a masarautar dabbobi. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa idanunsu sun kasance cikakku sosai kafin haihuwa kuma sun fara lura da yanayinsu yayin da suke cikin ƙwai.
Jinin Kifi yana da inuwa mai ruwan shuɗi-shuɗi saboda yana amfani da furotin jan ƙarfe hemocyanin don ɗaukar iskar oxygen maimakon jan hemoglobin mai ƙarfe da ake samu a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Jinin yana motsawa ta zuciyoyi daban-daban guda uku, ana amfani da biyu daga ciki don shigar da jini a cikin gutsun kifin, kuma na ukun ana amfani da shi don harba jini a ko'ina cikin jiki.
A ina ne kifin kifi ke rayuwa?
Photo: Kifin kifin a cikin ruwa
Kifin Kifi shine na musamman na cikin teku kuma ana iya samun sa a mafi yawan mazaunan ruwa daga teku mai zurfin zuwa zurfin zurfin ruwa da sanyi zuwa tekuna masu zafi. Kifin Kifi galibi yana yin hunturu a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kuma yana matsawa zuwa ruwa mara zurfin bakin teku a cikin bazara da bazara don kiwo.
Ana samun kifin kifi irin wanda aka saba da shi a tekun Bahar Rum, Arewa da kuma yankin Baltic, kodayake an yi imanin cewa ana samun yawan mutanen zuwa kudu kamar yadda ake iya samu koda a Afirka ta Kudu. Ana samun su a cikin zurfin zurfafawa (tsakanin ƙaramin raƙuman ruwa da gefen shimfidar nahiya, har zuwa kusan fathoms 100 ko 200 m).
Wasu nau'ikan kifin kifi wanda aka fi sani a Tsibirin Burtaniya sune:
- Kayan kifi na yau da kullun (Sepia officinalis) - gama gari ne a gaɓar bakin Kudu da Kudu maso Yammacin Ingila da Wales. Ana iya ganin kifin kifi na yau da kullun a cikin ruwa mara zurfi yayin ƙarshen bazara da lokacin bazara;
- kyawawan kifin kifi (Sepia elegans) - An samo shi a gefen teku a kudancin ruwan Burtaniya. Waɗannan kifaye masu kaifi sun fi na yankakken kifi yanke, galibi tare da hoda mai ruwan hoda da ƙaramin barb a ƙarshen ƙarshen;
- hoda mai kaifin ruwan hoda (Sepia orbigniana) - wani ɗan kifi mai kama da ruwa a cikin ruwan Biritaniya, kama da kamannin kyawawan kifin, amma ba safai ake samun sa a kudancin Biritaniya ba;
- karamin kifin kifi (Sepiola atlantica) - yayi kama da ƙananan yankan kifi. Wannan nau'in ya fi yaduwa a gefen kudu da kudu maso yamma na Ingila.
Yanzu kun san inda kifin kifin ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kayan kwalliyar ke ci.
Me kifin kifin ke ci?
Hotuna: Kifin kifin kifin
Kifin Kifi na cin nama ne, wanda ke nufin farautar abincin su. Hakanan, duk da haka, ganimar dabbobi, wanda ke nufin manyan halittu suna farautar su.
Kayan kifi na yau da kullun sune masarauta ta ɓoyewa. Tsarinsu na mussaman masu canza launuka yana basu damar haɗuwa daidai da asalinsu. Hakanan yana ba su damar yin tawaye a kan abincinsu, sa'annan su harba shinge (waɗanda suke da tsini kamar tsutsa a kan nasihunsu) a saurin walƙiya don kama shi. Suna amfani da kofunan tsotsa na alfarwansu don riƙe abin farautar su yayin da suke maida shi bakin bakin su. Kayan kifi na yau da kullun suna ciyar da abinci musamman akan ɓawon burodi da ƙananan kifi.
Kifin kifin shine mazaunin ƙasa wanda galibi yake yiwa ƙananan dabbobi kwanton ɓauna kamar kaguwa, jatan lande, kifi da ƙananan molluscs. A ɓoye, kifin kifin zai sata a kan abincinsa. Sau da yawa wannan motsi a hankali yana tare da nunin haske a fatarta yayin da launuka masu launuka ke fadowa a jiki, wanda ke sa wanda aka azabtar ya daskare cikin mamaki da sha'awa. Daga nan sai ya buɗe ƙafafu 8 a faɗo ya sake doguwar farin tanti guda biyu waɗanda suka kwace ganimar suka kuma mai da ita cikin bakinsa mai murƙushewa. Wannan mummunan harin ne wanda yaja hankalin masu shaƙatawa sau da yawa ke kallo, sannan suyi magana akai ba bayan sun nitse.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kifin kifin a cikin teku
Kifin Kurel ɗin masarauta ne na sutura, masu iya zuwa daga ganuwa gaba ɗaya zuwa bayyane gaba ɗaya kuma sake dawowa cikin kusan daƙiƙa 2. Zasu iya amfani da wannan dabarar don haɗawa da kowane asalin yanayi, kuma zasu iya yin kamun kafa da kyau tare da ƙirar wucin gadi. Kifin kifin shine ainihin sarakunan sake kamanni tsakanin cephalopods. Amma ba za su iya jirkita jikinsu ba, kamar dorinar ruwa, sai dai kawai su kara masa sha'awa.
Cephalopods suna da kamanni irin na ban mamaki, musamman saboda chromatophores ɗinsu - jakunkunan ja, launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa a cikin fata, bayyane (ko ba a gani) ta tsokoki kewaye da su. Wadannan tsokoki suna karkashin kulawar jijiyoyin kai tsaye a cikin cibiyoyin motocinta na kwakwalwa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa zasu iya haɗuwa da sauri tare da bango. Wata hanyar sake kamanni ita ce yanayin canzawar fata na kifin kifi, wanda ya ƙunshi papillae - dunƙulen tsokoki waɗanda ke iya canza fuskar dabbar daga santsi zuwa ƙyalƙyali. Wannan yana da matukar amfani, alal misali, idan kuna buƙatar ɓoye kusa da dutsen da bawo ke ajiye.
Kashi na karshe na kayan masarufi masu kama da kaya sun hada da leukophores da iridophores, akasarin abubuwan da ke nuna abubuwa, wadanda suke karkashin chromatophores. Leucophores suna haskaka haske a kan tsayi da yawa na tsawo, don haka zasu iya yin amfani da duk wani haske da yake akwai a yanzu - misali, farin haske a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani da haske mai shuɗi a zurfin. Iridophores suna hada platelet na wani sunadarin protein da ake kira reflexin tare da matakan cytoplasm, suna haifar da tunani mai kama da fikafikan malam buɗe ido. Iridophores na wasu nau'ikan halittu, kamar su kifi da dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna haifar da tasirin tsangwama wanda ke nuna haske ga haske na tsawon shuɗi da shuɗi. Kifin Kifi zai iya kunna waɗannan akushin ko ya kashe su a cikin dakika ko mintuna ta hanyar sarrafa tazarar platelet don zaɓar launi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin igiyar ruwa ba ya iya ganin launuka, amma suna iya ganin haske mai rarrafe, daidaitawa wanda zai iya taimakawa cikin ikon su don fahimtar bambanci da ƙayyade waɗanne launuka da tsarin da zasu yi amfani da su yayin haɗuwa da yanayin su. Thealiban kifayen kifin mai siffar W ne kuma suna taimakawa sarrafa ƙarfin haske shiga ido. Don mayar da hankali kan abu, kifin yankakken yana canza fasalin idanunsa, ba fasalin tabarau na ido ba, kamar yadda muke yi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kifin kifin mai yanke
Hawan keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun kifin na faruwa shekara zagaye, tare da kayan yaɗa a cikin Maris da Yuni. Kifin Kifin yana da dioecious, ma'ana, suna da jinsin maza da mata na daban. Maza suna watsa maniyyi zuwa ga mata ta hanyar tanadin tantanin hectocotylized (tanti da aka gyara don ma'abota).
Kifin yankakke zai nuna bambancin launi yayin saduwa. Ma'auratan suna jere jikinsu fuska da fuska don haka namiji zai iya matsar da jakar maniyyi da aka like zuwa aljihun da ke karkashin bakin mace. Daga nan sai mace ta ruga zuwa wurin da babu nutsuwa, inda take karbar kwai daga ramin ta kuma tura su ta cikin maniyyin, ta yi masa taki. Dangane da fakiti na maniyyi da yawa, wanda ke bayan layin, ma'ana, na karshe, yayi nasara.
Bayan hadi, sai namiji ya tsare mace har sai ta sanya tarin kwayayen inabi masu hade, wadanda suka hade kuma suka jingina ga algae ko wasu sifofi. Kwai ana yaduwa cikin ƙwanan da aka rufe su a cikin sepia, wakilin canza launi wanda ke aiki azaman ƙarfin haɗin kai kuma mai yiwuwa don rufe yanayin su. Kifin kifin na iya sa kwai kusan 200 a cikin kama, galibi kusa da sauran mata. Bayan watanni 2 zuwa 4, yara sun ƙyanƙyashe kamar ƙananan sifofin iyayensu.
Kifin Kifi yana da manyan ƙwai, 6-9 mm a faɗi, waɗanda aka adana a cikin oviduct, waɗanda sai a ajiye su a cikin dusar da ke ƙasan teku. Ana yin launin ƙwai da tawada, wanda ke taimaka musu haɗuwa da kyau tare da bango. Yaran yara suna da gwaiduwa mai gina jiki wanda zai tallafa musu har sai sun wadatar da kansu da abinci. Ba kamar 'yan uwansu na squid da dangin dorinar ruwa ba, kifin kifi ya rigaya ya bunkasa sosai kuma bashi da haihuwa. Nan da nan suka fara ƙoƙarin farautar ƙananan ɓaure da amfani da dabarun ɗimbin dabbobinsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da irin dimbin hanyoyin kariya da dabarun kai hari da suke da shi da kuma hankalinsu a bayyane, kifin kifin baya rayuwa tsawon lokaci. Suna zaune a ko'ina tsakanin watanni 18 zuwa 24, kuma matan na mutuwa jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarsu.
Abokan gaba na kifin kifi
Hotuna: opanyen doruwa
Dangane da ƙananan ƙananan kifin kifin, masu farautar ruwa da yawa suna farautar su.
Babban mafarautan kifin kifi sune yawanci:
- shark;
- angler;
- katon kifi;
- sauran kifin kifi.
Dolphins suma suna kaiwa waɗannan cephalopods hari, amma suna cin abinci ne kawai a kawunansu. Mutane suna yin barazana ga kifin kifi ta hanyar farautarsu. Farkon salonsu na kare wataƙila yana ƙoƙari ne don gujewa ganowa daga masu lalata ta hanyar amfani da kyamarar su mai ban mamaki, wanda zai iya sa su zama kamar murjani, duwatsu, ko kuma ruɓun teku ba tare da wani lokaci ba. Kamar ɗan'uwanta, kifin, kifin kifi na iya fantsar tawada cikin ruwa, ya lulluɓe mai son cin abincinsa a cikin wani girgije mai rikitarwa da baƙin baƙi.
Masu bincike sun daɗe da sanin cewa kifin kifi na iya amsawa ga haske da sauran abubuwan motsa jiki yayin da suke ci gaba a cikin kwan. Tun ma kafin kyankyashe, amfrayo na iya ganin barazana kuma suna iya canza yanayin numfashinsu. Cephalopod da ba a haifa ba yana yin komai a mahaifar don kauce wa ganowa lokacin da mai farauta ke cikin haɗari - gami da riƙe numfashi. Ba wai kawai wannan kyakkyawar ɗabi'a ce mai ban mamaki ba, har ila yau ita ce hujja ta farko da ke nuna cewa invertebrates na iya koyo a cikin mahaifar, kamar dai mutane da sauran ƙwayoyin dabbobi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya irin kifin kifin mai kama
Wadannan molluscs ba a hada su cikin jerin jinsunan da ke cikin hatsari ba, kuma babu bayanai da yawa kan yawan su. Koyaya, masunta masu kasuwanci a Kudancin Ostiraliya suna kama tan 71 a lokacin saduwa don amfanin ɗan adam da fare. Saboda gajeren shekarunsu da haihuwa sau daya kawai a rayuwa, barazanar kamun kifi ya bayyana. A halin yanzu babu matakan gudanar da iyakance kamun kifin, amma akwai buƙatar ƙara kifin kifi mai girma a cikin jerin jinsunan dake cikin haɗari.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A duk duniya, an sami sanannun nau'ikan kifin yanke guda 120, tun daga girman su daga cm 15 zuwa babbar kifin kifin na Australiya, wanda galibi tsawon rabin mita ne (ba tare da tanti ɗinsa ba) kuma nauyin su ya wuce kilo 10.
A cikin 2014, binciken yawan jama'a a wurin tarawa a Point Lawley ya rubuta karuwar farko a cikin masun kifin a cikin shekaru shida - 57,317 akan 13,492 a 2013. Sakamakon binciken na 2018 ya nuna cewa yawan shekara-shekara na yawan katuwar kifin kifin na Australiya ya karu daga 124,992 a 2017 zuwa 150,408 a 2018.
Mutane da yawa za su so su riƙe kifin kifin kamar dabbobi. Wannan abu ne mai sauki a yi a Burtaniya da Turai, saboda nau'ikan kifin kifi irin su Sepia officinalis, ana iya samun "kifin kifin na Turai" a nan. A Amurka, duk da haka, babu wasu nau'in halitta, kuma mafi yawan jinsunan da aka shigo dasu sun fito ne daga Bali, wanda ake kira Sepia bandensis, wanda matafiyin matafiyi ne kuma yawanci yakan zo ne a matsayin baligi wanda zai iya kasancewa yana da makonni kawai don rayuwa. Ba a ba da shawarar su azaman dabbobin gida ba.
Kifin kifi shine ɗayan mafi kyawun molluscs. A wasu lokuta ana ambaton su da hawainiyar teku saboda ƙwarewar ikon su na saurin canza launin fata yadda suke so. Kifin kifin yana da makamai don farauta. Lokacin da shrimp ko kifi suka kusanto, kifin kifin zai yi niyya da shi kuma ya harba tanti biyu don kwaso ganimarsa. Kamar danginsu na dorinar ruwa, kifin kifi na ɓoye daga makiya tare da kamanni da gajimare na tawada.
Ranar bugawa: 08/12/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09.09.2019 a 12:32
