Mafi yawansu suna daji, amma a lokaci guda da sauri sun saba da rayuwa a gida, minks suna sanya mafi kyawun gashin a tsakanin sauran dabbobi masu ɗaukar furfura kuma sun bambanta da su ta hanyar wayo da wasa.
Mazaunin saboda bambancin jinsin ya kasance kusan ko'ina, amma, bayan kayyadewa mink a matsayin dabbar dabba, ya ragu sosai. Haɓaka minks ta gonakin Jawo sananne ne a yau, wannan saboda ƙimar furfurarsu da ƙaruwar buƙata gare ta.
Bayani da fasali
Ruwan tabarau - mai farauta daga tsari na dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda ke dauke da sifa mai siffar abin nadi. A bayyane, yayi kama da ferret, galibi suna rikicewa da juna saboda irin wannan ƙaramar bakin da aka ƙera tare da ƙarami, waɗanda ke da wahalar sanarwa a cikin ulu mai kauri, kunnuwa masu zagaye.
Dabbar tana da hakora masu kaifi, wadanda da ita za su iya cizon tafin mutum da shi kuma su rataye shi na dogon lokaci. Don sa dabbar ta zama mafi rauni da buɗe muƙamuƙansa, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar shi ta wuyansa ku hura shi cikin hanci.
Godiya ga vibrissae, fara'a da taɓa mink suna da kyau, amma gajerun ƙafafu sun ƙuntata ikon motsawa da sauri akan farfajiyar. A kan yatsun kafa akwai yatsun kafa da aka rufe da Jawo, tsakanin abin da membranes masu ninkaya, waɗanda aka faɗaɗa su a ƙafafun baya. Wannan yana bawa mink damar kasancewa a hankali da nutsuwa a karkashin ruwa, kuma yana sanya shi ya hau kan ƙasa.
Mink yana da ƙananan idanu, kuma hangen nesa yana da rauni ƙwarai, sabili da haka, yayin farauta, dabbar tana dogaro ne kawai da ƙamshin ƙamshi mai kyau. Wannan yana ba ta babbar dama a kan sauran mafarauta, domin tana iya zuwa farauta ko da da daddare ne. Mink yana da saurin walƙiya akan abubuwa masu motsi, amma idan ganimar ta ɗauki matsayi mara tsaye, to tana da damar da maharin ba zai lura da shi ba.
Maza sun banbanta da girma daga mata, na farko a cikin nauyin na iya kaiwa kimanin kilogiram 4, na biyu kuwa har zuwa nauyin kilogiram 2. A tsayi, samari sun girma har zuwa 55 cm, kuma 'yan mata - har zuwa cm 45. Gashi mai gashi na dabba ta ƙunshi gajerun gashi masu santsi, waɗanda suke cikakke, ba tare da tabo ba, gashi mai haske.
Canza yanayi ba shi da wani tasiri a kan gashin gashin dabbar. Mink koyaushe yana da babban gashi. Wannan yana ba ta damar nutsuwa cikin ruwa mai zafin jiki na kimanin digiri goma a ma'aunin Celsius ba tare da jin sanyi ba. Kuma bayan mink ya fito daga ruwa, dabbar ta zauna bushe, tunda babban murfin fur din baya samun ruwa.
Launin dabba yana da bambanci sosai, jere daga fari mai launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Black mink an fara ganinta a Kanada, saboda haka ana kiranta Kanada, kuma fur ɗin wannan launi ana ɗaukarsa "baƙin lu'u lu'u" kuma yana da mafi tsada.
Irin
Daga cikin kusan minks miliyan hamsin waɗanda ke rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban, akwai manyan nau'ikan guda huɗu. Ana kiransu Bature, Amurka, Rashanci da Scandinavia.
Ana iya ganin karamin Turai a kusa da gaɓoɓin ruwa na Gabashin Turai da cikin yankunan Siberia. Haƙiƙa ta cika rayuwarta cikin ruwa, ana iya yin hukunci da bayyanar ta. mink a hoto, yana da dan madaidaiciyar shimfida kai da kuma ingantattun membranes tsakanin yatsun kafa. Mink na Turai yana da gajeren gashi waɗanda suke sa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko shuɗi mai santsi da haske.
Mink na Amurka daga Arewacin Amurka ya banbanta sosai da mink na Turai a cikin girmansa, ya fi tsayi da nauyi, sannan kuma yana da alama ta musamman a cikin hanyar ɗigon haske a ƙasa da lebe. Launin yanayi na sutura na iya zuwa daga baki zuwa fari. Daidai farin minkda alama Ba'amurke ne
Wannan ire-iren wadannan jarirai masu sanyin fata sun zama wata taska ta gaske ga masana kimiyya wadanda suka nemi samar da sabbin iri-iri iri daban-daban, saboda kawai dan Amurka ne yake da kwayoyi masu canzawa na musamman wadanda suke da tasiri kai tsaye a inuwar gashinta.
Idan maƙerin Turai a Eurasia asalinsa ne, to daga baya aka kawo Ba'amurken zuwa nahiyar nan gaba don amfanin kiwo a keɓewa. Bayan haka, don daidaitawa da duniyar dabbobin daji, an fara saukar da dabbobin zuwa 'yanci, kuma wannan maƙwabcin yana da mummunan sakamako ga mink na Turai.
Adadin mutane na wannan nau'in sun fara raguwa, mai cin abincin jinsin Amurkawa ya keta Turai da sauri. Ya kamata a lura cewa mink na Amurka da na Turai, duk da kamannin kamannin, sun fito ne daga kakanni daban-daban. Yanayin wannan yanayin ya taimaka wa dabbobin su sami kamanceceniya mai mahimmanci, amma saboda kishiyar jinsin, tun daga 1996, Turai mink - dabba daga littafin Red.
Magabacin mink na Rasha shine mink na Arewacin Amurka; bisa tushensa ne masu kiwo a cikin shekaru 30 na karni na ashirin suka fitar da wannan kyakkyawan yanayin. An "rarrabe" na mink ɗin Rasha ta rarrabe da gashin kai da manyan mayafi, kuma launin ya fara ne daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa baƙi.
Homelandasar ta Scandinavian mink ana ɗaukarta a matsayin Arewacin Turai, amma a yau mutane na wannan nau'in sun bazu kuma sune mafi yawan dabbobi masu fur (kusan 80%) tsakanin duk wakilan waɗannan dabbobin. shi launin ruwan kasa mink tare da wadatacce, bayyanannen launi kuma daidai yake, daidai yake, gashi mai laushi.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Mink yana da halin wayar hannu. Yana aiki, musamman a cikin yanayin ruwa, inda, saboda ingantaccen yanayin jikinsa, yana jere daidai tare da gabanta da ƙafafuwan baya kuma yana ninkaya gaba tare da jerks, nutsewa da motsawa ƙasa da ƙasa.
A karkashin ruwa, karamin mai farauta na iya zuwa na kimanin minti biyu, sannan ya fito, ya sha iska ya maimaita aikin. Hadarin da ke zuwa kan ƙasa na iya tilasta dabbar har ta hau kan reshen bishiya ko daji.
Mink dabba ce, wanda ke jagorantar salon rayuwa shi kaɗai, yana zaɓar wuraren da babu amintattu da wuraren zaman ta. Misali, kusa da gabar ruwa mai ruwa, kananan koguna ko tabkuna masu fadama.
Minks suna daidaitawa ko dai a kan ɓulɓullun da ke kewaye da ruwa, ko a cikin ramuka da aka haƙa, inda dole ne a sami damar zuwa ruwan. Waɗannan na iya zama tsoffin raƙuman berayen ruwa ko ɓacin rai na ɗabi'a, inda minkoki ƙari kuma ke ba da kansu da gado na ciyawa ko fuka-fukai.
Mink mai farauta ne mai ƙarfi da tsawan jiki, babban motsi na motsi, sabili da haka mai farauta mai kyau, na iya kama kuma ya ci kowace ƙaramar dabba, a cikin yanayin ruwa da ƙasa. Yana samo wa kansa abinci ta hanyar kasuwancin da ya fi so - kamun kifi.
Dabbobin da ke yaƙi da mink sune masu kogin kare da karnuka masu ƙayatarwa. Otters, saboda yawancin jinsin sukan zauna wuri daya, amma tsofaffin sun fitar da minks, suna da ƙarfi, sun fi girma da sauri. Kuma karnuka suna samun gidajen dabbobi masu ɗauke da furfura ta hanyar kamshi kuma suna lalata zuriyarsu, kodayake ba su da haɗari ga manya.
Mink galibi ba dare ba ne, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba za ku iya ganin su da yamma ba ko wayewar gari kusa da jikin ruwa. Daga alamun da aka bari, mutum na iya yin hukunci kasancewar mink a wuri ɗaya ko wani. Takun sawun hannunta suna kama da na ferret, amma ya fi girma kuma ya fi zagaye. Mink yana kan hanyarsa tare da hanyoyin binciken kowace rana, yana yiwa yankin alama tare da ƙamshi da alamun gani.
Mafi yawan aiki ya zama mink a cikin bazara, lokacin da alamomin farko na zafin jima'i suka bayyana a cikin mata kuma ruttuwa ta fara, haka kuma a lokacin faduwa, lokacin da aka sake tsugunar da samari da dabbobi da kuma neman mafi dacewa don zama, tafkuna masu nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali.
Gina Jiki
Abincin abincin minks ya dogara da ƙananan kifin kogi. Tunda dabbar tana yawan samun abincinta ta hanyar kamun kifi, kayan abinci, tench, kanana, gobies sun zama ganima. Dabbar mai furfura ba ta kyamar cin abinci a kan wasu ƙananan dabbobin da ke kusa da jikkunan ruwa: kwalliya, kwadi, kifin kifi ko berayen kogi. Saboda saurin fahimtarsa da azancinsa, mink din na iya jira ya kamo tsuntsun daji, samartaka ko muskrat.
A lokacin sanyi, lokacin da farauta ta zama ba ta da amfani, minks na jinsunan Turai ana tallafawa ta tushen bishiyoyi, lingonberry na daji da bishiyoyin ash na dutse, kuma an sami iri. Tare da kusancin lokacin hunturu, dabbobin suna yin tanadin kifi da 'ya'yan itace, suna kwanciya dasu a gidajensu. Mink na Amurka ya fi son cin kifin kifin, saboda ita wannan abincin ya fi kifi kyau.
Ya kamata a san cewa mink din ba zai iya haifar da mummunar illa ga masana'antar kifi ba, saboda yana ciyar da nau'ikan kifin da ba na kasuwanci ba. A lokacin hunturu, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa dole su yi farauta ne kawai a doron kasa, saboda wadancan matattarar ruwa wadanda a da can wuraren da suke farauta ne suke daskarewa.
Daga wannan, minks da sauran sandunan haƙoran suna da ƙoshin ƙarfi ta hanyar minks a cikin hunturu fiye da bazara. Don haka, mink yana kula da mahalli kuma yana daidaita yawan ƙananan beraye waɗanda ke cutar da yanayi. Giram 200 na abinci kawai ake buƙata a rana don matsakaicin mink don biyan yunwa.
Tana iya raba wannan adadin abincin zuwa abinci sau 4-9 a kowace rana. Idan abincin da ake da shi ya fi wannan ƙa'idar, to dabbar da ke birgima za ta bar wuraren ajiya a cikin kabarinta. Ana iya ɗaukar mink ɗin a matsayin dabba mai tsananin sha'awa, ya fi son cin abinci a kan sabbin halittu masu rai, kuma zai taɓa rubabben nama ne kawai bayan kwana 3-4 na yunwa. Sabili da haka, mai farautar yana sabunta hannayen jarinsa don kar ya fuskanci wannan matsalar.
Idan muka yi magana game da minks da ke rayuwa a cikin bauta, to yawanci ana ciyar da su da kifi, kuma wani lokacin hatsi, kayan lambu har ma da kayayyakin kiwo. Gidajen dabbobi da gonaki suna lura da daidaiton abincin dabbobi, saboda ingancin ya dogara da shi mink fur.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Lokacin rutting (jima'i na jima'i) a cikin minks yana faruwa a farkon bazara, wato daga Fabrairu zuwa Mayu. Don haifuwa, maza sukan zabi mata gwargwadon wurin da suke (kusancin mink din ne, mafi girman yuwuwar haduwar juna ya zama).
Idan maza da yawa suka nemi mace daya a lokaci daya, to gwagwarmaya ta fara a tsakanin su kuma mafi tsananin tashin hankali daga karshe ya samu damar yin tarayya da mink da aka zaba, sauran kuma suka shiga nema. A cikin daji, minks iri ɗaya nau'in ba zasu iya haɗuwa ba (misali, Bature mink da Ba'amurke), ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwayoyin mahaifansu sun mutu jim kaɗan bayan fitowar.
Mink mai ciki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 40 zuwa 72 (ya danganta da nau'in, abinci da salon rayuwa). A sakamakon haka, mace daya za ta iya bayar da zuriya daga 'ya'yan 2-7, kuma a cikin jinsin Amurkawa, dabbobin na iya kai wa dabbobi 10.
Minks an haife su kaɗan, kusan ba a rufe su da ulu ba kuma makaho ne gaba ɗaya. Suna girma cikin sauri, ciyarwa tare da madara yana ɗauka har tsawon watanni 2, sa'annan cuban kwalliyar suna canzawa zuwa abincin da uwa take samo musu. Maza a wannan lokacin ba sa ɗaukar wani ɓangare a cikin rayuwar ɗiyansu kuma su zauna dabam.
Da shekara ɗaya da wata, minks suna fara nunawa, jariran suna nuna wasa, kuma a watan Yuli sun riga sun isa (kusan rabin girman mahaifiya) don fita daga ramin.
A watan Agusta, daga ƙarshe sun girma, sun kai girman manya, sun fara farauta da kansu kuma su samo wa kansu abinci, kuma daga ƙarshe su bar gidan iyayensu. Bayan dabbobin sun balle, masu aikin sa kai da kansu sun fara samarda burukan nasu kusa da tabkuna da koguna mafi kusa.
A mata, balaga na faruwa ne daga watanni 10-12 kuma har zuwa shekaru 3 akwai matakin haihuwa sosai, sannan ya sauka. Maza sun balaga ta hanyar shekara 1.5-2. Adadin rayuwar minks a cikin daji ya fara daga shekaru 8 zuwa 10, kuma a cikin fursuna kusan ya ninka kuma zai iya kaiwa shekaru 15.
Yankin rarraba minks a cikin yankin da ya fi ƙarfin ikon ɗan adam koyaushe yana raguwa. Mutane suna narkar da dabbobin Furry masu yawa, saboda kwarjinin da suke da shi sai suka zama masu ƙimar samu na kiwon dabbobi da gonakin fur. Don haka, mutane, masu tsunduma cikin kiwo, suna riƙe ikon sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi.
