Percheron - gwarzon gaske na duniyar dawakai. Waɗannan dawakai masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi ba a hana su alherin da suka gada daga zuriya dawakai na gabashin ba. Tare da girmansu mai ban sha'awa, suna da nutsuwa, godiya ga abin da mutane cikin sauƙin samun yare tare da waɗannan dawakai.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Percheron
Percheron nau'in nau'in dawakai ne masu nauyi waɗanda aka haifa a Faransa a cikin ƙarni na 18. Abinda ya fi dacewa da wadannan dawakai shi ne cewa an hayayyafa da su ne ta hanyar ratsawa da kyawawan larabawan Larabawa tare da dawakai masu nauyi. Percheron doki ne mai ƙarfin gaske da kuma kyakkyawar ni'ima.
Wadannan dawakai sun sami suna ne daga yankin Perche, wanda ke kudu da Kogin Seine. A can waɗannan dawakai an yi kiwon su kuma yawanci ana kiwo a can. An samo asali ne saboda buƙatar dawakai masu ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya isar da wasiƙa da ɗaukar mutane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai sigar da aka ambata wacce aka fara binta Percherons na musamman don jarumai sanye da kayan yaƙi masu nauyi. Agile, amma dawakai masu ƙarfi sun kasance tare da mayaƙa a cikin jihadi.
Ana iya kiran Percheron wani nau'in da ba a ci da gangan ba. Dawakan da aka shigo da su na Larabawa an hade su da yardar kaina tare da sabbin dawakan da ba a tantance su ba, amma saboda kunkuntar yankin, jinsin ya samu sifofi na musamman kamar babban kundin tsarin mulki, ci gaba mai girma, daidaiton launuka da halayen mutane.
Bidiyo: Percheron
Faransawa sun bambanta nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku:
- manyan masu tsattsauran ra'ayi - manya manya, dawakai masu yawa, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da aiki tuƙuru;
- matsakaici - mafi mahimmanci da daidaitaccen nau'in;
- perananan raƙuman doki dawakai ne suka fi dacewa don wasan tsalle da sutura.
A cikin USSR, Percherons ya bazu a cikin shekarun yaƙe-yaƙe. A cikin 1941 an haife su a cikin gandun daji na kiwon doki a cikin yankin Voronezh. An yi amfani da waɗannan dawakai a cikin yaƙi, saboda sauƙin shawo kan matsalolin da suke da wuyar wucewa a cikin ababen hawa ko ƙafa. Saboda halinsu na tawali'u, dawakai suna da saukin sarrafawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya Percheron yake?
Percherons an rarrabe ta ikon su, amma a lokaci guda, alheri. Waɗannan manyan dawakai ne har zuwa 162 cm, a bushe. Kirjinsu a girth kusan cm 200 ne, amma da girman su dawakan ba su da nauyi. Matsakaicin matakan ya iyakantacce: galibi galibi waɗannan dawakai ne masu launin toka ko baƙi, sau da yawa - ja da roan.
Sau da yawa ana samun dawakan grey tare da apples. Kan yana da ɗan karami, amma tare da babban goshi mai faɗi, manyan idanu da dogayen kunnuwa. Hancin ya dan lankwashe, hancinsa yana da fadi sosai.
Wuyan Percherons yana da ƙarfi kuma mai faɗi, na matsakaiciyar tsayi, amma saboda kyakkyawan yanayi yana da kyau. Sauran manyan motoci masu dauke da sifofi iri daya suna da nauyi da girma. Gwanin da jelar Percherons suna girma da ƙarfi, amma gashi mai wuya da wuya ya rikice.
Doguwar jiki mai ƙarfi tare da maƙogwaro madaidaiciya, ya bushe. Gajeran gajere, murdadden baya an saita shi ta yadda dawakai zasu iya ɗaukar mahaya da keken hawa a sauƙaƙe. Godiya ga irin wannan baya, ana rarrabe dawakai da motsi.
Kirjin Percherons yana da zurfi da fadi. Legsafafun suna da ƙarfi da tsawo, amma tare da gajere, mai ƙarfi. Abubuwan haɗin suna da matsewa sosai kuma sun bushe, wanda ke ba dawakai ƙarfi.
Yanzu kun san yadda percheron yake. Bari muga inda manyan dawakai suke zaune.
Ina Percheron yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Percheron a Rasha
Percheron ba dawakai ba ne na daji, don haka za su iya zama ne kawai a cikin shinge da masana'antu, inda ƙwararrun mutane ke kiwon su. A cikin Rasha, gonar ingarma ta Khrenovsky ta taka rawar gani wajen haɓaka irin a ƙarshen karni na 19. An kawo mafi kyawun wakilai daga can daga Faransa.
Har zuwa shekarar 2011, Percherons sun kasance suna kiwo a wata shuka a Ulyanovsk. Shuke-shuke ya yi fatara a cikin 2011, shi ya sa aka fara sayar da dawakai a matsayin biyan basussuka. Abun takaici, ba duk dawakai tsarkakakku bane suka fada hannun kwararrun masu mallakar doki ba, don haka karfin zuriya a Rasha ya bata.
Hakanan an san cewa gonakin ingarma a cikin biranen masu zuwa sun shiga cikin kiwo na Percherons a Rasha:
- Tambov;
- Voronezh;
- Bryansk.
Godiya ga kokarin haɗin gwiwar masu shayarwa, Percherons sun sami haɓaka halaye masu haɓaka, ɗan ɗan canji a cikin halayen nau'in. Godiya ga masu kiwo na cikin gida, an rarrabe Percheron na Rasha da ƙarfin jimrewa da girman jiki. Idan ba a rufe masana'antar kiwo irin ba, to dawakai za su fi karfi.
A yau, Percherons suna rayuwa ne kawai tare da masu kiwo masu zaman kansu. Ana ajiye dawakan a cikin ɗakunan dawakai masu zaman kansu da kuma wuraren zaman su. Yana da mahimmanci a saki Percherons don tafiya ta yau da kullun a cikin kulawa - wannan kyakkyawan rigakafin cututtuka ne na tsarin musculoskeletal. Percheron yana buƙatar sarari da yawa. Abun takaici, abun cikin mutane, ba na kwararrun makiyaya ba, yana shafar ingancin wannan nau'in da lambar sa.
Menene Percheron yake ci?
Hotuna: Black Percheron
Duk dawakan da suke gasa ko ake hayayyafa don dalilai na musamman suna da takamaiman abinci. Manyan dawakai kamar Percherons suna buƙatar keɓaɓɓun abinci wanda zai kasance mai gamsarwa da gina jiki.
Percheron abinci ya kasu kashi uku:
- m. Wannan nau'in ya hada da ciyawa, haylage, tushen kayan lambu da kayan lambu. Waɗannan su ne abinci na zamani wanda ya kamata dawakai su sami yalwa a lokacin bazara. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci cewa ciyawar ba ta da sinadarai, kuma kayan lambu ba su lalace ba. Percherons suna da matukar damuwa da ingancin abincin mai wadatarwa;
- rashin ladabi. Hay, bambaro, ciyawar ciyawa da gari. Waɗannan su ne busassun abinci waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da hatsi. Suna da matukar amfani, suna barin dawakai su zama masu kuzari da lafiya. Roughage shine babban ɓangare na abincin Percheron, wanda ke buƙatar adadin makamashi mai yawa kowace rana;
- mai da hankali. Abincin da aka matsa, wanda yafi kunshi hatsi - hatsi, sha'ir, bran, masara, abinci mai hadewa. Ya kamata a kiyaye wannan abincin a mafi karancin abincin doki sai dai in dokin yana gasa. Percherons suna buƙatar irin wannan abincin saboda suma tushen ƙarfi ne.
Hakanan Percherons suna buƙatar samun ruwa koyaushe. Yawanci ana shayar da dawakai a kan kari, amma Percheron koyaushe yana da kwalba na ruwa a cikin shagonsa. Adadin abincin kowace rana ya kamata ya lissafa ta ƙwararren masani wanda zai yi la'akari da jinsi, shekaru da girman dokin, da kuma motsa jiki da ake buƙata.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: White Percheron
Masu kiwo suna da ra'ayin cewa sabbin dawakai suna da jinkiri, suna nutsuwa kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don horarwa. Wannan ya fi yawa ne saboda girmansu, wanda aka samu ta hanyar tsallakawa na dogon lokaci - mutane suna kiwo mai ƙarfi mai ban mamaki, amma ba doki mai wayo ba.
Wadannan abubuwan basu shafi Percheron ba. Dawakai na wannan nau'in suna da natsuwa, masu natsuwa da haƙuri - suna iya zama masu ladabi da mahaya marasa kwarewa. Koyaya, dawakai suma suna da hankali kuma suna koyo da sauri. Bugu da ƙari, Percherons suna ganin darussa da yawa kamar wasa. Suna jin daɗin hawa ƙarƙashin sirdi, ɗaukar ƙananan matsaloli da koyon sutura.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da girman su, Percherons suna ɗayan kyawawan ƙwayoyi don aiki tare da yara.
Percheron dawakai ne masu zaman kansu. Suna da saurin amsawa kuma suna iya samun mafita madaidaiciya a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Misali, wasu lokuta wadannan 'yan sanda sukan yi amfani da irin wadannan dawakai da' yan sandan Faransa ke hawa: saboda yanayin nutsuwarsu da kuma hazakar da suke da ita, wadannan dawakai ba su da makawa yayin sintiri a kan tituna.
Ba kamar sauran dawakai da yawa ba, Percherons ba su da kyau. Ba sa buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman na tsarewa da hanya ta musamman don horo - percherons sun dace da dawakai don masu farawa.
Dawakai suna koyo da sauri, ƙarfafa ƙwarewarsu kuma cikin sauƙin fahimtar mahayi. Percheron na iya yin aikin noma a ƙasa kuma ya yi rawar gani a fagen kayan ado. Suna kuma kula da sauran dawakai cikin natsuwa, ba tare da gasa da kishi ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Doki Percheron
Haihuwar Percherons a cikin nau'in an kayyade shi ta mai kiwo. Lokacin da marainiya ke cikin zafi, mai kiwo ya zaɓi dusar da ke da halaye masu kyau na kiwo. Bayan ɗan gajeren sani, dokin ya rufe mare, bayan haka ciki ya fara.
Ciki yana ɗaukar watanni 11 kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana zuwa ba tare da rikitarwa ba - Percheron mares dawakai ne masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Mafi yawanci, ana haihuwar jariri ɗaya, ƙasa da biyu kuma. Foals da sauri suna zuwa ƙafafunsu kuma suna da ƙarfi tsarin mulki.
Suna aiki kamar dabo na wasu nau'in. Idan mai kiwo ya rike marainiya tare da garke, to a makwannin farko ana rike darin ba tare da sauran dawakai ba har sai dabbar ta yi karfi sosai. Bayan haka, sai ta kawo ɗan akuya zuwa garken shanu, inda ya san sauran dawakai kuma ya koyi dokokin halayyar jama'a.
Foals suna matsayin mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin tsarin garken tumaki, amma iyayensu mata suna tsare su da kishi ba sa ba da laifi ga wasu, manyan maresu. Percheron foals sun girma a ƙarshen - lokacin ƙuruciya na iya wucewa har zuwa shekaru biyu, kuma bayan haka ne mutum zai iya fara horar da dawakai sosai.
Karelin Percheron suna buƙatar wadataccen abinci mai daidaituwa, yawo da yawa da yalwar iska mai tsabta. Koda a lokacin hunturu, ana buƙatar a kai su cikin levada domin su iya gudu su haɓaka tsokokinsu. In ba haka ba, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da rashin ƙarfi doki mai rauni. Kubiyu suna da sauƙin horo, da sauri sami nutsuwa, amma kar a rasa son sani da wasa. Godiya ga wannan, mutane cikin sauƙin samun harshe gama gari tare da dabbobin wannan nau'in.
Abokan gaba na Percheron
Hotuna: Menene Percheron yayi kama?
Ba a taɓa samun Percheron a cikin daji ba, sabili da haka, ba su da abokan gaba na zahiri. Koda wadannan dawakai zasuyi daji a wasu yanayi, da wuya su sami makiya wadanda zasu iya farautar irin wadannan manyan ciyawar. Bugu da kari, Percherons suna da sauri, masu tauri da hankali, wanda zai sanya su zama daya daga cikin ingantattun dawakai na daji.
Percherons suna da lafiya da ƙarfi dawakai. Godiya ga zaɓi mara kyau, sun sami ƙananan cututtukan cututtukan da ke cikin jinsin. Wannan haɗuwa da halaye da halaye na zahiri yana sanya Percherons ɗayan ɗayan daidaitattun nau'in dawakai a duniya.
Koyaya, akwai wasu cututtukan da zasu iya faruwa a cikin Percherons tare da ƙarancin kulawa:
- dawakai marasa wadatar abinci na iya fuskantar maƙarƙashiya;
- eczema, bumble, smallpox, scabies, scabies, rain scab zai iya bayyana a cikin Percherons waɗanda aka kiyaye su a cikin yanayin da bai dace ba. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne babban zafi ko yawaitar bushewar yanayi. Hakanan suna iya shan wahala daga waɗannan cututtukan idan masu su da kyar suke shirya dawakai;
- cututtukan da ba makawa ke faruwa a cikin dawakai ba tare da allurar rigakafin da ta dace ba kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsarewa mara dacewa: anthrax, rabies, tetanus, tarin fuka, laminitis, ringworm, mura, mura, scabies;
- Percherons na iya samun kumburin ciki na kofato idan suka yi aiki a cikin yanayi mara kyau kuma basu sami tsabtace kofato ba.
Amma har ma a ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayin kiyayewa, Percherons, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana rarrabe su da ƙoshin lafiya da rashin cikakkiyar cuta. Cututtuka suna bayyana, mafi yawanci, a lokacin tsufa ko cikin dawakai tare da raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Percheron
Percherons suna dawo da yawan mutane sannu a hankali ga masu shayarwa masu zaman kansu, kodayake babu sauran tabbaci na tsaran ɗabi'a. Kari akan haka, Percherons ba shahararrun nau'in kiwo bane, saboda masu kiwon dabbobi masu zaman kansu galibi suna yin waiwaye kan shahararrun nau'in da aka siyar - kuma ana sayar da dawakan hawa masu haske. Percheron, ya danganta da asalin, shekarun, jinsi, yanayin kiwon lafiya da wasan motsa jiki, na iya cin kuɗi daga dala dubu biyu zuwa goma.
A yau, ana amfani da percherons a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na duniya. Dangane da yanayin ɗabi'unsu da kyawun kamanninsu, suna da kyau a kan dandalin kuma suna da farin jini tsakanin masu sauraro. Misali, a Rasha, shahararren circus percheron Pompey, wanda ke yin wasa tare da mai koyar da Yana Shanikova.
Gasar Percheron ba ta da yawa a Rasha, amma ana gudanar da ita a ƙasashen Turai. Percherons suna yin akasari a cikin shinge da karusa, suna nuna ƙwarewa ga direban motar, tare da nuna kyakkyawan tsarin zamantakewar jama'a. Bugu da kari, akwai gasa inda Percheron ke hawa dawakai.
Percheron - doki mai ban mamaki, hada karfi, karfi, alheri, kaifin hankali da sassauci. Abin takaici, an dakatar da kiwon wadannan dawakai ya zuwa yanzu kuma duk wani nauyin nau'in ya rataya ne a wuyan masu kiwon dabbobi masu zaman kansu. Koyaya, godiya ga ƙoshin lafiyarsa, wannan nau'in yana ci gaba da wanzuwa, a hankali yana dawo da yawan jama'a.
Ranar bugawa: 09/24/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 27.08.2019 a 0:31
