Dabba mai ban sha'awa da ke zaune a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, sananne ne, da farko, ga masu sha'awar kofi a matsayin "mai samarwa" na fitattun nau'ikan. Amma dabbar ta shahara, ban da wata "baiwa" ta musamman, don dabi'arta ta lumana da saurin-saurin nutsuwa. Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa Musangs, ko kuma, kamar yadda suke kira, Malay dabino martens, kamar yadda ake kiran dabbobi masu shayarwa, ana narkar da su kuma ana kiyaye su kamar dabbobin gida.
Bayani da fasali
Dabbar kyakkyawa tana da siririya da doguwar jiki a gajerun gaɓoɓi. Musang a cikin hoton yana ba da ra'ayi na matasan kyanwa da ferret. Gashi mai ruwan toka mai kauri ne, mai wuya a saman, tare da sutura mai laushi a ciki.
An yi wa ado baya tare da ratsi mai baƙar fata, a gefuna an yi wa fur alama tare da ɗigon duhu. Kunnuwa, masu tafin kafa koyaushe suna da duhu, a kan baƙar fata mai elongated akwai halayyar farin mask ko farin tabo. Differencesananan bambance-bambance a launi suna bayyana a cikin jinsuna a cikin mahalli daban-daban.
Dabbar tana da fadi da kai, kunkuntar bakinsa, wadda a kanta akwai manyan idanu, masu saurin fitowa, da hanci mai girma. Roundananan sikakkun lugs an kaɗa su daban. Gaskiyar gandun daji musang mafarautan suna dauke da makamai da hakora masu kaifi, faratan kafafu masu karfi, wanda mai farauta ya boye a cikin gamma kamar ba dole ba, kamar kyanwa na gida. Dabba mai jujjuya da sassauƙa ya san yadda ake hawa da kyau, yafi rayuwa cikin bishiyoyi.
Tsawon jima'i musanga kusan 120 cm daga hanci zuwa tip na wutsiya, wanda girmansa ya fi rabin mita. Nauyin babban mutum yana cikin kewayon daga 2,5 zuwa 4 kg. Bayanin kimiyya na jinsin ya hada da batun hermaphroditus, wanda aka yi kuskuren danganta shi ga Musang saboda glandon da ke bullowa tsakanin mata da maza, kama da kamannin maza gonads.
Musang yana rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi a mafi yawan lokuta.
Daga baya suka gano cewa manufar gabobin ita ce yiwa yankin yankunansu alama tare da sirri, ko abubuwan dake da kamshi tare da kamshin miski. Babu bambance-bambance da aka bayyana tsakanin maza da mata.
Irin
A cikin dangin Vivver, akwai manyan nau'ikan musangan guda uku dangane da bambance-bambancen launin launi:
- Musang Asiya an bambanta ta da furcin baƙin fata akan furfurar launin toka a jiki. A kan cikin dabbar, ratsiyoyin sun zama launuka na launi mai haske;
- Sri—Lankan musang ana danganta shi ga nau'ikan da ba safai ba masu launuka daban-daban daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ja, daga zinariya mai haske zuwa launin ja mai launin ja. Wasu lokuta mutane masu launi iri iri masu haske suna bayyana;
- Musang ta kudu ta Indiya har da launi mai ruwan kasa tare da dan duhun kai a kirji, kirji, kafafu, wutsiya na asali. Wasu mutane an kawata su da furfura. Launuka na sutura sun bambanta: daga launuka masu launin shuɗi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai zurfi. Sau da yawa ana yin alama da wutsiya tare da raƙuman rawaya ko fari.
Akwai karin ragi da yawa, akwai kusan 30. Wasu ƙananan rabe-raben da ke rayuwa a tsibirin Indonesia, misali, P.h. philippensis, masana kimiyya suna magana ne kan jinsunan daban.
Rayuwa da mazauni
Palm martens suna rayuwa a cikin wurare masu zafi, gandun daji masu zafi a cikin babban yankin Indochina, tsibirai da yawa a Kudancin Asiya. A cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, dabbar tana rayuwa a tsaunuka har zuwa mita 2500. Yanayi na dabbobi yana cikin Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand. A wurare da yawa musang dabba nau'in da aka gabatar ne. Dabbobin sun haɗu da Japan, Java, Sulawesi.
Palm martens suna aiki da dare. Da rana, dabbobi suna kwana a cikin ramuka, a kan ressan reshen reshe. Palm martens yana rayuwa shi kaɗai, kawai a lokacin kiwo ne ake fara sadarwa tare da waɗanda ba na jinsi ba.
Dabbobi suna da yawa sosai, suna bayyana a wuraren shakatawa, filayen lambu, gonaki, inda bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace ke jan hankalin martaba. Idan mutum yana zaman lafiya ga baƙin baƙi, to musangi kwanduna, rufi, ɗakuna na gidaje suna zaune a ciki.
A wasu ƙasashe, ana ajiye Musang a matsayin dabbobi.
Suna ba da bayyanar su ta hanyar aiki da daddare, wanda hakan yakan fusata masu su. A cikin gidajen da Musangs ke zama kamar dabbobin gida, babu beraye, ɓeraye, waɗanda wakilan viverrids ke hulɗa da su da kyau. Dangane da masu su, shahidan dabino masu nuna soyayya ne, masu kyakkyawar dabi'a, masu sanyin hali.
Gina Jiki
Dabbobin farauta suna da komai - abincin ya hada da na dabbobi da na tsire-tsire. Mazaunan gandun daji na Malay suna farautar ƙananan tsuntsaye, gurɓatattun gida, kama kwari, tsutsa, tsutsotsi, ƙananan beraye daga dangin squirrel.
Palm martens masoya ne na 'ya'yan itace masu ɗanɗano na tsire-tsire,' ya'yan itatuwa iri-iri. An lura da jarabawar dabbobi ga ruwan 'ya'yan dabino mai ƙanshi. Mutanen gari ma sun saba da wannan dandano - daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace suna sanya Toddy giya, kama da giya. A cikin fursuna, ana ciyar da dabbobi da nama, ƙwai kaza, cuku mai ƙananan kitse, kayan lambu iri-iri, 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Babban jarabar abinci wanda Musangs ya shahara dashi shine 'ya'yan itacen kofi. Dabbobi, duk da son da suke yiwa wake, suna da zaɓi. Dabbobin suna cin thea rian itace riapean itacen.
Baya ga wake na kofi, musang suna da matukar son cin 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi.
Sake haifuwa da tsawon rai
Musang dabba yana jagorantar salon kebewa, yana saduwa da mutane na jinsi daban tare da mita sau 1-2 a shekara kawai don haifuwa. Shuwagabannin dabino matasa sun isa balaga a cikin watanni 11-12. Iyakar haihuwa a cikin ƙananan yanayi ya faɗi a tsakanin lokacin daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba. A yankin na wurare masu zafi, kiwo yakan kasance duk shekara.
Dabbar dabbar dabba tana faruwa ne akan rassan bishiyoyi. Maza da mata ba sa tare tsawon lokaci. Damuwar haihuwa, kiwon zuriya gaba daya akan uwayen Musang ne. Ciki yana dauke da kwanaki 86-90, a wasu jinsunan kwanaki 60, a cikin zuriyar yara 2-5, kowannensu ana haihuwarsa yana da nauyin 90 g.
Kafin bayyanar jariran, mace ta shirya wa kanta gida na musamman a cikin rami mai zurfi. Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da dankalin da aka haifa da madara har na tsawon watanni biyu, daga baya mace ta koya wa jariran farauta, samun abincinsu, amma a hankali tana ciyar da zuriyar.
Hoton dan musang ne
A wasu nau'in, lokacin ciyar da madara ya faɗaɗa har zuwa shekara guda. Gabaɗaya, haɗuwa da mahaifiya wani lokaci yakan ci gaba har tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi, har sai, a fitowar dare, matasa Musangs suna samun ƙarfin gwiwa game da samun abinci.
Daga baya suna zuwa neman wuraren zama na kansu. Tsayin rayuwar dabbobi a mahalli na asali shekaru 7-10 ne. Dabbobin gida da ke cikin bauta, suna ƙarƙashin kulawa mai kyau, suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 20-25.
A cikin "Littafin Ja" musang gama gari an lasafta subspecies P. hermaphroditus lignicolor a matsayin jinsin masu rauni. Aya daga cikin dalilan shine yawan farautar dabbobi saboda shaye-shayen abincin su akan wake da kuma kumburin, wanda saboda su suke samun abin sha mai ƙarancin inganci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa
Akwai dukkanin gonaki inda Malay martens ke girma don samun wake kofi waɗanda dabbobi ke sarrafawa. Wani nau'in kofi na musamman ana kiransa Kopy Luwak. Fassara daga Indonesiyan, haɗin kalmomi yana nufin:
- "Kwafi" - kofi;
- "Luwak" shine sunan musang tsakanin mazauna yankin.
A yayin narkar da abinci, hatsi wadanda aka hadiye a cikin hanji suna shan kumburi, wanda ke ba da dandano na musamman. Ba a narke hatsi ba, amma sun ɗan canza halayen sunadarai. Haɓakar yanayi na hatsi yana faruwa tare da kusan babu abubuwa masu illa. Ana tattara dattin, a shanya shi a rana, a wanke shi sosai, sannan a sake shanya shi. Sannan gasa gargajiya na wake.
Masanan kofi sun san abin sha kamar mai ladabi, wanda ke bayanin buƙatar samfuran musamman. Shahararr, tsadar kofi ta haifar da yaduwar musang da nufin samun kuɗi.
Ji dadin kopin kofi "musang luwak»A Vietnam ana kashe daga $ 5, a Japan, America, Turai - daga $ 100, a Rasha farashin ya kusan 2.5-3 dubu rubles. Kofi "Kopi Luwak" a cikin wake, wanda aka samar a Indonesia, ƙarƙashin alamar kasuwanci "Kofesko", nauyin 250 g, yakai 5480 rubles.
Babban farashi ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa haihuwar dabbobi na faruwa ne kawai a cikin daji, a cikin yanayin yanayin daji. Manoma dole ne koyaushe su haɓaka matsayin "masu kera" kayayyaki masu daraja. Bugu da kari, dabbobi suna samar da enzyme din da suka dace wata shida ne kawai a shekara. Don samun g g 50 da aka sarrafa wake, dabbobi suna buƙatar ciyar da kusan kilo 1 na 'ya'yan kofi a kowace rana.
Ana samun ingantaccen kofi daga dabbobin da ke rayuwa cikin yanayin yanayi
Masunta da aka sanya a rafin yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ana kiyaye dabbobi a cikin yanayin rashin tsabta, ana ciyar da su da ƙarfi. Abin sha da aka samu bai sami ainihin ƙamshi da halaye masu daɗi wanda ya sa shi shahara ba. Sabili da haka, ainihin abin sha "Kopi Luvak" ana samun sa ne kawai daga musangar daji, waɗanda ke cin 'ya'yan itace cikakke kawai.
Kofi ya fi na Arabica duhu, dandano ɗan ɗanɗano ne kamar cakulan, a cikin sigar da aka dafa za ku ji ƙanshin caramel. Ya faru cewa kofi da musangi ya zama cikakke guda ɗaya, dabbar ta wata hanya ta musamman "godiya" ga mutane don 'yanci da samun damar gonakin kofi.
